Direction of Travel

Nothing reaches the corner, so where a country stands is the least interesting thing about it. Which way it is moving is the question.

204 countries · 1900 to 2026 · site leadership histories, CCP, elections atlas, Power Atlas · built 2026-09-04

Read this before the boards

The flagged-leader panel is a curated editorial list against a written criterion (atrocities, systemic subversion, criminal conviction), not a measurement of every country. Thirteen sitting leaders are flagged. The absence of a flag is not evidence of anything.

Flagged terms
196
since 1900, across 66 countries
Flagged today
9
of roughly two hundred states
Entered in the last decade
2
the largest move on this signal
Ruptures in 25 years
45
countries that replaced or lost an order

The movers

Countries that entered a flagged period within the last decade.

How this is measured

Entering a spell is the largest single change available on this signal, and it is the one a static board cannot see. A country flagged for forty years is not moving. A country flagged last year is.

Spells under a leader carrying the warning glyph, merged where consecutive. Entering a spell is the largest single move a country can make on this board; holding one for decades is not a movement at all.

United States

since 2025

Sits in The Approach on the grid. Spell 4 of its recorded history, 10 years flagged since 1900.

  • 1829 to 1837, Andrew Jackson
  • 1969 to 1974, Richard Nixon
  • 2017 to 2021, Donald Trump
  • 2025 to now, Donald Trump

Tunisia

since 2019

Sits in The Institutional Machine on the grid. Spell 2 of its recorded history, 31 years flagged since 1900.

  • 1987 to 2011, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
  • 2019 to now, Kais Saied

The record

How often a country has returned to flagged leadership, and for how long.

How this is measured

Consecutive terms merge into one spell, so a junta that ran through four men counts once. The column that matters is not the total but the recurrence: a country that keeps going back is telling you something a single episode does not.

24 years flaggedlast ended 50y ago
40 years flaggedlast ended 3y ago
56 years flaggedlast ended 0y ago
37 years flaggedlast ended 4y ago
35 years flaggedlast ended 15y ago
42 years flaggedlast ended 3y ago
21 years flaggedlast ended 14y ago
10 years flaggedongoing
7 years flaggedlast ended 52y ago
47 years flaggedlast ended 0y ago
45 years flaggedongoing
43 years flaggedlast ended 18y ago
Show all 66 countries
36 years flaggedlast ended 3y ago
33 years flaggedlast ended 2y ago
33 years flaggedlast ended 18y ago
30 years flaggedlast ended 4y ago
16 years flaggedlast ended 48y ago
87 years flaggedlast ended 30y ago
49 years flaggedlast ended 37y ago
43 years flaggedlast ended 44y ago
41 years flaggedlast ended 9y ago
32 years flaggedongoing
31 years flaggedongoing
23 years flaggedongoing
20 years flaggedlast ended 25y ago
16 years flaggedlast ended 23y ago
90 years flaggedlast ended 36y ago
78 years flaggedongoing
29Cuba1
69 years flaggedlast ended 5y ago
68 years flaggedlast ended 38y ago
31Iran1
47 years flaggedongoing
42 years flaggedlast ended 52y ago
41 years flaggedlast ended 41y ago
41 years flaggedlast ended 37y ago
37 years flaggedongoing
36 years flaggedlast ended 25y ago
36 years flaggedlast ended 51y ago
35 years flaggedlast ended 37y ago
31 years flaggedlast ended 65y ago
31 years flaggedlast ended 28y ago
31 years flaggedlast ended 4y ago
29 years flaggedlast ended 40y ago
27 years flaggedlast ended 50y ago
25 years flaggedlast ended 10y ago
45Iraq1
24 years flaggedlast ended 23y ago
24 years flaggedlast ended 37y ago
19 years flaggedlast ended 76y ago
17 years flaggedlast ended 36y ago
15 years flaggedlast ended 28y ago
14 years flaggedlast ended 35y ago
13 years flaggedlast ended 48y ago
13 years flaggedlast ended 41y ago
12 years flaggedongoing
12 years flaggedlast ended 81y ago
11 years flaggedlast ended 70y ago
9 years flaggedlast ended 117y ago
9 years flaggedlast ended 8y ago
7 years flaggedlast ended 43y ago
7 years flaggedlast ended 52y ago
6 years flaggedlast ended 88y ago
6 years flaggedlast ended 120y ago
6 years flaggedlast ended 17y ago
6 years flaggedlast ended 29y ago
5 years flaggedlast ended 73y ago
4 years flaggedlast ended 69y ago
0 years flaggedlast ended 32y ago

Turnout against a country's own history

The last election measured against that country's own median since 1945, in points.

How this is measured

Turnout against the country's own post-1945 median, and how far the last election's seats strayed from its votes against its own median.

Comparing a country to itself rather than to the field is the point. A turnout of sixty per cent means nothing in isolation and a great deal against a country that used to manage eighty five.

1Italy-24.55
latest 63.9median 88.4
2Egypt-16.16
latest 28.3median 44.4
3Ukraine-15.55
latest 49.2median 64.8
4Greece-14.58
latest 61.8median 76.3
5Austria-13.42
latest 77.7median 91.1
latest 59.7median 72.8
7Japan-12.59
latest 56.3median 68.8
8Ireland-12.4
latest 59.7median 72.1
latest 58.6median 69.1
10Russia-8.38
latest 51.7median 60.1
latest 78.2median 86.0
12Israel-6.75
latest 70.6median 77.4
Show all 37 countries
13Portugal-6.01
latest 58.3median 64.3
latest 67.0median 72.7
15Australia-4.29
latest 90.7median 95.0
16Argentina-3.96
latest 78.3median 82.3
17Spain-3.1
latest 66.6median 69.7
18Taiwan-3.04
latest 71.9median 74.9
19France-2.91
latest 66.7median 69.6
latest 78.3median 81.0
21Belgium-2.37
latest 88.5median 90.8
22Denmark-1.78
latest 84.0median 85.8
23Singapore-1.17
latest 92.8median 94.0
24Indonesia-1.02
latest 82.0median 83.0
25Canada-0.8
latest 69.5median 70.3
26Malaysia-0.57
latest 74.1median 74.7
27Palestine-0.24
latest 71.2median 71.4
latest 82.1median 82.1
latest 82.5median 82.5
30Iraq0
latest 56.0median 56.0
latest 46.6median 46.5
32Mexico+2.49
latest 52.7median 50.2
33Turkey+2.96
latest 87.0median 84.1
latest 64.3median 59.4
latest 83.1median 78.0
36India+6.11
latest 66.1median 60.0
37Poland+22.21
latest 74.3median 52.1
Why there is no single direction scoreon purpose

Deliberately not blended into one score. The force trend covers every ranked state, the accountability drift forty, the flagged-leader panel sixty-six. One number would hide that, and a reader could not tell a stable country from an unmeasured one.

  • Flagged leadership: 66 countries have a record, 9 are flagged now.
  • Power trend: 192 countries.
  • Turnout and proportionality: 40 countries.
  • Constitutional rupture in the last 25 years: 45 countries.

The signals also disagree with each other, and they are published disagreeing. A country can enter a flagged period, lose ground on power and raise its turnout in the same decade. Reconciling that into one decimal would be an opinion wearing a number.

What the flag means, and what it does notthe criteria

A leader carries the warning glyph on this site when at least one of three written criteria is met: command or direct responsibility for grave crimes against civilians as found by a court or a UN inquiry; systemic subversion of the constitutional order from inside it; or a criminal conviction. Each flag carries the dated acts behind it.

The flagged-leader panel is a curated editorial list against a written criterion (atrocities, systemic subversion, criminal conviction), not a measurement of every country. Thirteen sitting leaders are flagged. The absence of a flag is not evidence of anything.

It is a judgement about recorded acts, not about a person's worth, and it is not a measure of a country. A flagged leader is one fact about a state among the several on this page.

Sourcesbuilt 2026-09-04
  • Site leadership histories, 315 country files, with the editorial warning glyph
  • scripts/data/warn-flags.json, the criteria and evidence behind each flag
  • Correlates of War and Maddison via the site Power Atlas
  • Comparative Constitutions Project, Chronology of Constitutional Events v6.0
  • Site elections atlas, turnout and Gallagher index
  • Site interstate war record