Ethiopia

AfricaCapital city: Addis AbabaCapital metro: Addis AbabaPrime Minister: Abiy AhmedPresident: Taye Atske Selassie
2026 population
111.7M
Rank #14 globally
Area
1.1M km² (426k sq mi)
Metros tracked
21
13% of population in metros
Composite score
15.1
Rank #79 globally

population: Natl annual projection (1 Jul 2025) · indicators as of 2026-09-05 · 21 metros tracked

🗺️ Geography21 metros

Ethiopia metro footprint, shaded by composite tier.

Loading map…
21 polygons

Hover for rank, click to open the metro page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.

🏙️ 21 tracked metros
21 metros
🗂️ Administrative subdivisions

13 entries listed under Ethiopia across 2 types. Click any to see its metros and footprint.

13 total

Chartered Cities (2)

📋 At a glance
Official language
Amharic
Currency
Bir (ETB)
Government
Federal republic
Legislature
Federal Parliamentary Assembly
Demonym
Ethiopian
Time zones
East Africa Time, UTC+03:00
Driving side
Right
Calling code
+251
Internet TLD
.et
ISO 3166
ET
Established
1995
Highest point
Ras Dashen (4,533 m (14,872 ft))
National anthem
March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia

Facts via Wikidata.

💹 Economy and developmentLow income
Human Dev. Index
#178 / 191
0.497
UNDP · 2023
GDP
#65 / 193
$126.4B
World Bank · 2025
GDP per capita
#179 / 193
$933
World Bank · 2025
GDP/capita (PPP)
#168 / 190
$3.6k
World Bank · 2025
GNI/capita (Atlas)
#172 / 192
$1.1k
World Bank · 2025
Life expectancy
#148 / 194
67.6 yrs
World Bank · 2024
Median age
18.7 yrs
UN WPP · 2023
Urban population
#184 / 194
24%
World Bank · 2025
Pop. growth
2.6%
World Bank · 2025
Pop. density
#77 / 193
114/km²
World Bank · 2023
Foreign-born
#155 / 193
0.9%
World Bank · 2024
Rule of law
#122 / 175
0.32
V-Dem · 2025
Gini index
#42 / 166
31.1
World Bank · 2021
Internet users
#175 / 193
22%
World Bank · 2024
Inflation
#167 / 185
13.2%
World Bank · 2025
CO₂ per capita
#8 / 192
0.1 t
Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Renewable electricity
#2 / 186
100%
Ember · 2025

Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN WPP, V-Dem, Global Carbon Budget, Ember, Energy Institute; CC BY 4.0). Each card credits its originating body. Renewable share is of electricity generation, not of primary energy. Each figure is the most recent year available.

Alliances & Organisations4 full memberships

Political & Economic

Regional

Subregional

Full memberDashed border = Candidate / ApplicantItalic = Dialogue / Observer

🏛️ Leadership History43 leaders · click to expand

marks a leader associated with atrocities or defiance of law, systemic subversion of democratic institutions, or a criminal conviction. Convictions arising from political persecution, and annulled convictions, are excluded. denotes a monarch. These are editorial designations, applied per entry rather than derived automatically.

Federal Republic

Taye Atske Selassie✦ Current

2024Present

President

Tenure: 2024-presentProsperity Party

Sahle-Work Zewde

20182024

President

Tenure: 2018-2024Independent

Abiy Ahmed✦ Current

2018Present

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2018-presentProsperity Party

Mulatu Teshome

20132018

President

Tenure: 2013-2018EPRDF / OPDO

Hailemariam Desalegn

20122018

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2012-2018EPRDF / SEPDM

Girma Wolde-Giorgis

20012013

President

Tenure: 2001-2013Independent

Meles Zenawi

19952012

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1995-2012EPRDF

Negasso Gidada

19952001

President

Tenure: 1995-2001EPRDF / OPDO

Transitional Government

Meles Zenawi

19911995

President

Tenure: 1991-1995EPRDF

Derg (Military Junta)

⚠️ Mengistu Haile Mariam

19771991

President

Tenure: 1977-1991Derg / WPE

Tafari Benti

19741977

President

Tenure: 1974-1977Derg

Aman Andom

19741974

President

Tenure: 1974Derg

Empire

👑 Haile Selassie I

19301974

Monarch

Tenure: 1930-1974

Ethiopian Empire

👑 Zewditu

19161930

Monarch

Tenure: 13y 6m 6d

👑 Iyasu V

19131916

Monarch

Tenure: 2y 9m 15d

👑 Menelik II

18891913

Monarch

Tenure: 24y 1m 9d

👑 Yohannes IV

18721889

Monarch

Tenure: 17y 9m 13d

👑 Tekle Giorgis II

18681872

Monarch

Tenure: 3y 7m 20d

👑 Tewodros II

18551868

Monarch

Tenure: 13y 3m 21d

Solomonic dynasty — Ethiopian Empire

👑 Sahle Dengel

18321855

Monarch

Tenure: 23y 0dfigurehead during Zemene Mesafint

👑 Iyasu IV

18301832

Monarch

Tenure: 2y 0dfigurehead during Zemene Mesafint

👑 Gigar

18211830

Monarch

Tenure: 9y 0dfigurehead during Zemene Mesafint

👑 Iyoas II

18181821

Monarch

Tenure: 3y 0dfigurehead during Zemene Mesafint

👑 Egwale Seyon

18011818

Monarch

Tenure: 17y 0dfigurehead during Zemene Mesafint

👑 Tekle Giyorgis I

17791784

Monarch

Tenure: 5y 0dfigurehead during Zemene Mesafint

👑 Salomon II

17771779

Monarch

Tenure: 2y 0dfigurehead during Zemene Mesafint

👑 Tekle Haymanot II

17691777

Monarch

Tenure: 8y 0dfigurehead during Zemene Mesafint

👑 Iyoas I

17551769

Monarch

Tenure: 14y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Iyasu II

17301755

Monarch

Tenure: 25y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Bakaffa

17211730

Monarch

Tenure: 9y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Iyasu I

16821706

Monarch

Tenure: 24y 0dyear-level backbone
Show all 21 leaders

👑 Yohannes I

16671682

Monarch

Tenure: 15y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Fasilides

16321667

Monarch

Tenure: 35y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Susenyos I

16061632

Monarch

Tenure: 26y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Sarsa Dengel

15631597

Monarch

Tenure: 34y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Gelawdewos

15401559

Monarch

Tenure: 19y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Dawit II (Lebna Dengel)

15081540

Monarch

Tenure: 32y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Zara Yaqob

14341468

Monarch

Tenure: 34y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Amda Seyon I

13141344

Monarch

Tenure: 30y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Yekuno Amlak

12701285

Monarch

Tenure: 15y 0dyear-level backbone

Zagwe dynasty

👑 Yetbarak

12611270

Monarch

Tenure: 9y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Gebre Mesqel Lalibela

11811221

Monarch

Tenure: 40y 0dyear-level backbone

👑 Mara Takla Haymanot

11371150

Monarch

Tenure: 13y 0dyear-level backbone
📈 Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
Today
Minor#75 · 0.1%
Latent vs recognised
Under-recognised: more mass than standing
3%5%8%10%190019502000
Power (headline share)Latent (material mass)Recognised (standing)
Ethiopia · share of world power, 1898–2026

The powerline is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.

⚔️ Conflicts since 194514 interstate wars · click to expand
Combat deaths: 53,000–300,000
SPLA
Combat deaths:
Ogaden War1977–1978
Combat deaths: 39,836+
Combat deaths:
Combat deaths: 1,000–2,000
Combat deaths:
North Korea,China,Soviet Union
Combat deaths: 2,568,927–4,096,927
Combat deaths:
Mahdist War1881–1899
Combat deaths:
Combat deaths:
Show all 14 wars
Ottoman Empire,Adal Sultanate,Ajuran Sultanate,Gujarat Sultanate
Combat deaths:
Adal Sultanate,Ottoman Empire
Combat deaths:

Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.”

👥 Population over time
Population 2023
129m
#11 in the world
Since 1800
11×
from 12.0m
Peak
2023
at its largest now
Share of world
1.6%
1.2% in 1800
34.7m69.5m104m139m18001850190019502000
Ethiopia · people, 1800–2023 · dashed to 2026 is projected

Our World in Data population (CC BY): UN WPP 2024 from 1950, Gapminder v7 1800-1949, HYDE 3.3 earlier; today's borders. Figures above are as of 2023, the last year that is estimated rather than forecast. The dashed tail to 2026 is a UN WPP medium-variant projection. It is drawn because the line should reach the present, and drawn differently because it has not happened yet: no rank, peak or share on this page uses it. Before 1950 the series is reconstruction rather than contemporaneous statistics, which is worth knowing when a country’s peak sits back there. The current population shown elsewhere on this page comes from the workbook and is unchanged by this. Note that people and share of world can move in opposite directions. A country can grow steadily and still become a smaller part of humanity, which is what happened to almost every rich country after 1960.

👥 To 2100

The UN’s probabilistic projection for Ethiopia: the median with its 80% and 95% bands, the UN’s own high, low and zero-migration scenarios beside it. Not this site’s model; the site reads it and says what it implies.

Peak on the median
after 2100
still growing at 2100
2050
225m
95% band 187m to 276m
2100
367m
95% band 227m to 706m
2100 against 2025
2.71×
median still rising in 2100
185m371m556m742m1950197520002025205020752100

Tap or drag across the chart to read any year: the estimate to 2023, then the UN median, its bands and the scenarios.

estimateUN median80% and 95% bandshigh and low fertilityzero migration

What drives it

Births, deaths and net migration on the UN medium path, with fertility, life expectancy and median age, every decade from 1950.

1950
799k born · 497k died · +6k net migration
TFR 6.43 · life expectancy 35.5 · median age 16.9
1960
1.0m born · 512k died · +2k net migration
TFR 6.51 · life expectancy 39.6 · median age 17.5
1970
1.4m born · 623k died · +9k net migration
TFR 6.78 · life expectancy 42.1 · median age 17.0
1980
1.8m born · 763k died · -904k net migration
TFR 7.29 · life expectancy 42.8 · median age 15.7
1990
2.4m born · 938k died · +296k net migration
TFR 7.20 · life expectancy 45.1 · median age 15.8
2000
3.1m born · 990k died · -50k net migration
TFR 6.65 · life expectancy 50.9 · median age 15.1
2010
3.3m born · 813k died · +80k net migration
TFR 5.28 · life expectancy 59.7 · median age 15.8
2020
4.0m born · 761k died · +39k net migration
TFR 4.27 · life expectancy 66.0 · median age 18.1
Show all 16 decades
2030
4.3m born · 836k died · +32k net migration
TFR 3.43 · life expectancy 69.2 · median age 20.2
2040
4.5m born · 976k died · +61k net migration
TFR 2.90 · life expectancy 71.4 · median age 22.1
2050
4.8m born · 1.2m died · +19k net migration
TFR 2.55 · life expectancy 73.3 · median age 24.6
2060
4.9m born · 1.4m died · +48k net migration
TFR 2.32 · life expectancy 75.1 · median age 27.2
2070
4.9m born · 1.8m died · +7k net migration
TFR 2.15 · life expectancy 76.9 · median age 29.6
2080
4.8m born · 2.2m died · -5k net migration
TFR 2.03 · life expectancy 78.5 · median age 32.1
2090
4.7m born · 2.6m died · +77k net migration
TFR 1.94 · life expectancy 80.1 · median age 34.4
2100
4.6m born · 3.0m died · +133k net migration
TFR 1.88 · life expectancy 81.6 · median age 36.6

Every country to 2100 →

Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2024. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Estimates to 2023; projections 2024 to 2100, medium variant and probabilistic intervals. The UN revises every two years; this is the WPP 2024 revision.

🏆 National Teams

Ethiopia on the international stage. Click a card for the full record.

National Teams Champions

Every major championship won by Ethiopia's national teams, newest first. 1 in total.

1962· 1962-01-21