Ethiopia
population: Natl annual projection (1 Jul 2025) · indicators as of 2026-09-05 · 21 metros tracked
🗺️ Geography21 metros
Ethiopia metro footprint, shaded by composite tier.
Hover for rank, click to open the metro page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.
🏙️ 21 tracked metros
Show all 21 rows
| Metro | State | Tier | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #309 | Addis Ababa★ Capital▲ Largest | Addis Ababa | 4.6M | 8.7 | Established Metro |
| #1247 | Dire Dawa | Dire Dawa | 1.9M | 1.1 | Emerging Metro |
| #1403 | Awassa | Sidama | 1.4M | 1.0 | Emerging Metro |
| #1592 | Mekelle | Tigray | 588K | 0.7 | Local Metro |
| #1932 | Adama | Oromia | 692K | 0.5 | Local Metro |
| #2011 | Gondar | Amhara | 466K | 0.4 | Local Metro |
| #2017 | Bahir Dar | Amhara | 456K | 0.4 | Local Metro |
| #2038 | Wolaita Sodo | Southern (SNNPR) | 416K | 0.4 | Local Metro |
| #2094 | Hossana | Southern (SNNPR) | 345K | 0.4 | Local Metro |
| #2200 | Adigrat | Tigray | 226K | 0.3 | Local Metro |
| #2242 | Arba Minch | Southern (SNNPR) | 201K | 0.3 | Local Metro |
| #2976 | Awubere | Somali | 496K | 0.2 | Local Metro |
| #2992 | Dessie | Amhara | 472K | 0.2 | Local Metro |
| #2998 | Jimma | Oromia | 459K | 0.2 | Local Metro |
| #3022 | Jijiga | Somali | 418K | 0.1 | Local Metro |
| #3136 | Harar | Harari | 276K | 0.1 | Local Metro |
| #3201 | Wolkite | Southern (SNNPR) | 226K | 0.1 | Local Metro |
| #3277 | Bonga | South West | 186K | 0.1 | Local Metro |
| #3293 | Asosa | Benishangul-Gumuz | 177K | 0.1 | Local Metro |
| #3475 | Semera | Afar | 123K | 0.0 | Local Metro |
| #3634 | Gambela | Gambela | 98K | 0.0 | Local Metro |
🗂️ Administrative subdivisions
13 entries listed under Ethiopia across 2 types. Click any to see its metros and footprint.
Regions (11)
Chartered Cities (2)
📋 At a glance
- Official language
- Amharic
- Currency
- Bir (ETB)
- Government
- Federal republic
- Legislature
- Federal Parliamentary Assembly
- Constitution
- 1994, 0 amendment events since
- Demonym
- Ethiopian
- Time zones
- East Africa Time, UTC+03:00
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +251
- Internet TLD
- .et
- ISO 3166
- ET
- Established
- 1995
- Highest point
- Ras Dashen (4,533 m (14,872 ft))
- National anthem
- March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia
Facts via Wikidata.
💹 Economy and developmentLow income
Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN WPP, V-Dem, Global Carbon Budget, Ember, Energy Institute; CC BY 4.0). Each card credits its originating body. Renewable share is of electricity generation, not of primary energy. Each figure is the most recent year available.
Alliances & Organisations4 full memberships
Full memberDashed border = Candidate / ApplicantItalic = Dialogue / Observer
🏛️ Leadership History43 leaders · click to expand
marks a leader associated with atrocities or defiance of law, systemic subversion of democratic institutions, or a criminal conviction. Convictions arising from political persecution, and annulled convictions, are excluded. denotes a monarch. These are editorial designations, applied per entry rather than derived automatically.
Federal Republic
Taye Atske Selassie✦ Current
2024–PresentPresident
Sahle-Work Zewde
2018–2024President
Abiy Ahmed✦ Current
2018–PresentPrime Minister
Mulatu Teshome
2013–2018President
Hailemariam Desalegn
2012–2018Prime Minister
Girma Wolde-Giorgis
2001–2013President
Meles Zenawi
1995–2012Prime Minister
Negasso Gidada
1995–2001President
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Taye Atske Selassie✦ Current | President | 2024–Present |
| Sahle-Work Zewde | President | 2018–2024 |
| Abiy Ahmed✦ Current | Prime Minister | 2018–Present |
| Mulatu Teshome | President | 2013–2018 |
| Hailemariam Desalegn | Prime Minister | 2012–2018 |
| Girma Wolde-Giorgis | President | 2001–2013 |
| Meles Zenawi | Prime Minister | 1995–2012 |
| Negasso Gidada | President | 1995–2001 |
Transitional Government
Meles Zenawi
1991–1995President
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Meles Zenawi | President | 1991–1995 |
Derg (Military Junta)
⚠️ Mengistu Haile Mariam
1977–1991President
Tafari Benti
1974–1977President
Aman Andom
1974–1974President
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| ⚠️ Mengistu Haile Mariam | President | 1977–1991 |
| Tafari Benti | President | 1974–1977 |
| Aman Andom | President | 1974–1974 |
Empire
👑 Haile Selassie I
1930–1974Monarch
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Haile Selassie I | Monarch | 1930–1974 |
Ethiopian Empire
👑 Zewditu
1916–1930Monarch
👑 Iyasu V
1913–1916Monarch
👑 Menelik II
1889–1913Monarch
👑 Yohannes IV
1872–1889Monarch
👑 Tekle Giorgis II
1868–1872Monarch
👑 Tewodros II
1855–1868Monarch
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Zewditu | Monarch | 1916–1930 |
| 👑 Iyasu V | Monarch | 1913–1916 |
| 👑 Menelik II | Monarch | 1889–1913 |
| 👑 Yohannes IV | Monarch | 1872–1889 |
| 👑 Tekle Giorgis II | Monarch | 1868–1872 |
| 👑 Tewodros II | Monarch | 1855–1868 |
Solomonic dynasty — Ethiopian Empire
👑 Sahle Dengel
1832–1855Monarch
👑 Iyasu IV
1830–1832Monarch
👑 Gigar
1821–1830Monarch
👑 Iyoas II
1818–1821Monarch
👑 Egwale Seyon
1801–1818Monarch
👑 Tekle Giyorgis I
1779–1784Monarch
👑 Salomon II
1777–1779Monarch
👑 Tekle Haymanot II
1769–1777Monarch
👑 Iyoas I
1755–1769Monarch
👑 Iyasu II
1730–1755Monarch
👑 Bakaffa
1721–1730Monarch
👑 Iyasu I
1682–1706Monarch
Show all 21 leaders
👑 Yohannes I
1667–1682Monarch
👑 Fasilides
1632–1667Monarch
👑 Susenyos I
1606–1632Monarch
👑 Sarsa Dengel
1563–1597Monarch
👑 Gelawdewos
1540–1559Monarch
👑 Dawit II (Lebna Dengel)
1508–1540Monarch
👑 Zara Yaqob
1434–1468Monarch
👑 Amda Seyon I
1314–1344Monarch
👑 Yekuno Amlak
1270–1285Monarch
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Sahle Dengel | Monarch | 1832–1855 |
| 👑 Iyasu IV | Monarch | 1830–1832 |
| 👑 Gigar | Monarch | 1821–1830 |
| 👑 Iyoas II | Monarch | 1818–1821 |
| 👑 Egwale Seyon | Monarch | 1801–1818 |
| 👑 Tekle Giyorgis I | Monarch | 1779–1784 |
| 👑 Salomon II | Monarch | 1777–1779 |
| 👑 Tekle Haymanot II | Monarch | 1769–1777 |
| 👑 Iyoas I | Monarch | 1755–1769 |
| 👑 Iyasu II | Monarch | 1730–1755 |
| 👑 Bakaffa | Monarch | 1721–1730 |
| 👑 Iyasu I | Monarch | 1682–1706 |
| 👑 Yohannes I | Monarch | 1667–1682 |
| 👑 Fasilides | Monarch | 1632–1667 |
| 👑 Susenyos I | Monarch | 1606–1632 |
| 👑 Sarsa Dengel | Monarch | 1563–1597 |
| 👑 Gelawdewos | Monarch | 1540–1559 |
| 👑 Dawit II (Lebna Dengel) | Monarch | 1508–1540 |
| 👑 Zara Yaqob | Monarch | 1434–1468 |
| 👑 Amda Seyon I | Monarch | 1314–1344 |
| 👑 Yekuno Amlak | Monarch | 1270–1285 |
Zagwe dynasty
👑 Yetbarak
1261–1270Monarch
👑 Gebre Mesqel Lalibela
1181–1221Monarch
👑 Mara Takla Haymanot
1137–1150Monarch
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Yetbarak | Monarch | 1261–1270 |
| 👑 Gebre Mesqel Lalibela | Monarch | 1181–1221 |
| 👑 Mara Takla Haymanot | Monarch | 1137–1150 |
📈 Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
The powerline is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.
⚔️ Conflicts since 194514 interstate wars · click to expand
Show all 14 wars
| Conflict | Years | Against | Combat deaths |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eritrean–Ethiopian War● | 1998–2000 | Eritrea | 53,000–300,000 |
| Second Sudanese Civil War● | 1983–2005 | SPLA | — |
| 1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War | 1982 | Somalia | — |
| Ogaden War● | 1977–1978 | Somalia | 39,836+ |
| Nigerian Civil War● | 1967–1970 | — | |
| 1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War | 1964 | Somalia | 1,000–2,000 |
| First Sudanese Civil War● | 1955–1972 | North Vietnam,Viet Cong and PRG,Pathet Lao,Khmer Rouge,GRUNK (from 1970),China (1965–1969),Soviet Union,North Korea,South Vietnam,United States,South Korea,Australia | — |
| Korean War [ 9 ]● | 1950–1953 | North Korea,China,Soviet Union | 2,568,927–4,096,927 |
| Second Italo-Ethiopian War● | 1935–1937 | Kingdom of Italy | — |
| First Italo-Ethiopian War | 1895–1896 | Kingdom of Italy | — |
| Mahdist War | 1881–1899 | Mahdist Sudan | — |
| Ethiopian–Egyptian War | 1874–1876 | Egypt | — |
| Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559) | 1538–1560 | Ottoman Empire,Adal Sultanate,Ajuran Sultanate,Gujarat Sultanate | — |
| Ethiopian–Adal War | 1529–1543 | Adal Sultanate,Ottoman Empire | — |
Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.”
👥 Population over time
Our World in Data population (CC BY): UN WPP 2024 from 1950, Gapminder v7 1800-1949, HYDE 3.3 earlier; today's borders. Figures above are as of 2023, the last year that is estimated rather than forecast. The dashed tail to 2026 is a UN WPP medium-variant projection. It is drawn because the line should reach the present, and drawn differently because it has not happened yet: no rank, peak or share on this page uses it. Before 1950 the series is reconstruction rather than contemporaneous statistics, which is worth knowing when a country’s peak sits back there. The current population shown elsewhere on this page comes from the workbook and is unchanged by this. Note that people and share of world can move in opposite directions. A country can grow steadily and still become a smaller part of humanity, which is what happened to almost every rich country after 1960.
👥 To 2100
The UN’s probabilistic projection for Ethiopia: the median with its 80% and 95% bands, the UN’s own high, low and zero-migration scenarios beside it. Not this site’s model; the site reads it and says what it implies.
Tap or drag across the chart to read any year: the estimate to 2023, then the UN median, its bands and the scenarios.
What drives it
Births, deaths and net migration on the UN medium path, with fertility, life expectancy and median age, every decade from 1950.
Show all 16 decades
Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2024. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Estimates to 2023; projections 2024 to 2100, medium variant and probabilistic intervals. The UN revises every two years; this is the WPP 2024 revision.
🏆 National Teams
Ethiopia on the international stage. Click a card for the full record.
National Teams Champions
Every major championship won by Ethiopia's national teams, newest first. 1 in total.
| Year | Date | Champion | Competition |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | 1962-01-21 | Ethiopia | Africa Cup of Nations |
