France
population: Yearly natl est (1 Jan 2026) · indicators as of 2026-09-05 · 116 metros tracked
🗺️ Geography116 metros
France metro footprint, shaded by composite tier.
Hover for rank, click to open the metro page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.
🏙️ 116 tracked metros
Show all 116 rows
🗂️ Regions
13 entries listed under France. Click any to see its metros and footprint.
🧩 Constituents and territories
11 entries listed under France. Click any to see its own metros.
📋 At a glance
- Official language
- French
- Currency
- Euro (€)
- Government
- Semi-presidential system
- Legislature
- French Parliament
- Constitution
- 1958, 17 amendment events since
- Demonym
- French
- Time zone
- UTC+01:00
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +33
- Internet TLD
- .fr
- ISO 3166
- FR
- Established
- 481
- Highest point
- Mont Blanc (4,806 m (15,768 ft))
- National anthem
- La Marseillaise
Facts via Wikidata.
📰 In the news6 stories
The Juggernaut · 14 Sept 2026
How BAPS Built a Global Brand of HinduismBackground on BAPS after Eiffel Tower staff struck over its request to limit interactions with women.
Puck · 12 Sept 2026
France's new US ambassador is stuck in limboA diplomatic standoff over a tweet has left the posting unresolved.
Reuters · 11 Sept 2026
"Head of French Alps 2030 Winter Games set to leave post"Further reading from the day's lightning round.
Semafor · 8 Sept 2026
AfD win could portend rightist surgeFrance, Italy and Spain all vote within sixteen months, each with a cost-of-living crisis their incumbents have failed to address.
The Athletic · 18 Aug 2026
"A French first: how a soccer club turned scarves into season tickets"Dijon FCO replaced season cards with club scarves.
The Athletic · 28 Jul 2026
Inside Pogačar's record-tying fifth Tour de FranceFurther reading from the day's section on the trade deadline, the WNBA commissioner and prediction markets.
💹 Economy and developmentHigh income
Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN WPP, V-Dem, Global Carbon Budget, Ember, Energy Institute; CC BY 4.0). Each card credits its originating body. Renewable share is of electricity generation, not of primary energy. Each figure is the most recent year available.
🏛️ Leadership History89 leaders · click to expand
marks a leader associated with atrocities or defiance of law, systemic subversion of democratic institutions, or a criminal conviction. Convictions arising from political persecution, and annulled convictions, are excluded. denotes a monarch. These are editorial designations, applied per entry rather than derived automatically.
Fifth Republic
Sébastien Lecornu✦ Current
2025–PresentPrime Minister
Emmanuel Macron✦ Current
2017–PresentPresident
Francois Hollande
2012–2017President
⚠️ Nicolas Sarkozy
2007–2012President
⚠️ Jacques Chirac
1995–2007President
Francois Mitterrand
1981–1995President
Valery Giscard d'Estaing
1974–1981President
Georges Pompidou
1969–1974President
Charles de Gaulle
1959–1969President
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Sébastien Lecornu✦ Current | Prime Minister | 2025–Present |
| Emmanuel Macron✦ Current | President | 2017–Present |
| Francois Hollande | President | 2012–2017 |
| ⚠️ Nicolas Sarkozy | President | 2007–2012 |
| ⚠️ Jacques Chirac | President | 1995–2007 |
| Francois Mitterrand | President | 1981–1995 |
| Valery Giscard d'Estaing | President | 1974–1981 |
| Georges Pompidou | President | 1969–1974 |
| Charles de Gaulle | President | 1959–1969 |
Fourth Republic
René Coty
1954–1959President (4th Republic)
Vincent Auriol
1947–1954President
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| René Coty | President (4th Republic) | 1954–1959 |
| Vincent Auriol | President | 1947–1954 |
Provisional Government
Georges Bidault
1946–1946President (GPRF)
Félix Gouin
1946–1946President (GPRF)
Charles de Gaulle
1944–1946President (GPRF)
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Georges Bidault | President (GPRF) | 1946–1946 |
| Félix Gouin | President (GPRF) | 1946–1946 |
| Charles de Gaulle | President (GPRF) | 1944–1946 |
Vichy France
⚠️ Philippe Pétain
1940–1944Head of State (Vichy)
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| ⚠️ Philippe Pétain | Head of State (Vichy) | 1940–1944 |
Third Republic
Albert Lebrun
1932–1940President
Paul Doumer
1931–1932President
Gaston Doumergue
1924–1931President
Alexandre Millerand
1920–1924President
Paul Deschanel
1920–1920President
Raymond Poincare
1913–1920President
Armand Fallieres
1906–1913President
Emile Loubet
1899–1906President
Felix Faure
1895–1899President
Jean Casimir-Perier
1894–1895President
Sadi Carnot
1888–1894President
Jules Grevy
1879–1887President
Show all 15 leaders
Patrice de Mac-Mahon
1873–1879President
Adolphe Thiers
1871–1873President
Government of National Defense
1870–1871Head of State (Provisional)
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Albert Lebrun | President | 1932–1940 |
| Paul Doumer | President | 1931–1932 |
| Gaston Doumergue | President | 1924–1931 |
| Alexandre Millerand | President | 1920–1924 |
| Paul Deschanel | President | 1920–1920 |
| Raymond Poincare | President | 1913–1920 |
| Armand Fallieres | President | 1906–1913 |
| Emile Loubet | President | 1899–1906 |
| Felix Faure | President | 1895–1899 |
| Jean Casimir-Perier | President | 1894–1895 |
| Sadi Carnot | President | 1888–1894 |
| Jules Grevy | President | 1879–1887 |
| Patrice de Mac-Mahon | President | 1873–1879 |
| Adolphe Thiers | President | 1871–1873 |
| Government of National Defense | Head of State (Provisional) | 1870–1871 |
Second Empire
⚠️ 👑 Emperor Napoleon III
1852–1870Emperor (Second Empire)
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| ⚠️ 👑 Emperor Napoleon III | Emperor (Second Empire) | 1852–1870 |
Second Republic
⚠️ Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte
1848–1852President / Prince-President
Provisional Government of 1848
1848–1848Head of State (Provisional Government)
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| ⚠️ Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte | President / Prince-President | 1848–1852 |
| Provisional Government of 1848 | Head of State (Provisional Government) | 1848–1848 |
July Monarchy
👑 Louis Philippe I
1830–1848Monarch
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Louis Philippe I | Monarch | 1830–1848 |
Bourbon Restoration
👑 Charles X
1824–1830Monarch
👑 Louis XVIII
1815–1824Monarch
👑 Louis XVIII
1814–1815Monarch
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Charles X | Monarch | 1824–1830 |
| 👑 Louis XVIII | Monarch | 1815–1824 |
| 👑 Louis XVIII | Monarch | 1814–1815 |
First Empire
⚠️ 👑 Emperor Napoleon I (Hundred Days)
1815–1815Monarch
⚠️ 👑 Emperor Napoleon I
1804–1814Monarch
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| ⚠️ 👑 Emperor Napoleon I (Hundred Days) | Monarch | 1815–1815 |
| ⚠️ 👑 Emperor Napoleon I | Monarch | 1804–1814 |
First Republic
Napoleon Bonaparte (First Consul)
1799–1804First Consul
Executive Directory
1795–1799President of the Directory
Head of State (National Convention)
1792–1795Head of State (National Convention)
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Napoleon Bonaparte (First Consul) | First Consul | 1799–1804 |
| Executive Directory | President of the Directory | 1795–1799 |
| Head of State (National Convention) | Head of State (National Convention) | 1792–1795 |
House of Bourbon
👑 Louis XVI
1774–1792Monarch
👑 Louis XV (the Beloved)
1715–1774Monarch
👑 Louis XIV (the Sun King)
1643–1715Monarch
👑 Louis XIII (the Just)
1610–1643Monarch
👑 Henry IV (the Great)
1589–1610Monarch
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Louis XVI | Monarch | 1774–1792 |
| 👑 Louis XV (the Beloved) | Monarch | 1715–1774 |
| 👑 Louis XIV (the Sun King) | Monarch | 1643–1715 |
| 👑 Louis XIII (the Just) | Monarch | 1610–1643 |
| 👑 Henry IV (the Great) | Monarch | 1589–1610 |
House of Valois
👑 Henry III
1574–1589Monarch
👑 Charles IX
1560–1574Monarch
👑 Francis II
1559–1560Monarch
👑 Henry II
1547–1559Monarch
👑 Francis I
1515–1547Monarch
👑 Louis XII (Father of the People)
1498–1515Monarch
👑 Charles VIII (the Affable)
1483–1498Monarch
👑 Louis XI (the Prudent)
1461–1483Monarch
👑 Charles VII (the Victorious)
1422–1461Monarch
👑 Charles VI (the Mad)
1380–1422Monarch
👑 Charles V (the Wise)
1364–1380Monarch
👑 John II (the Good)
1350–1364Monarch
Show all 13 leaders
👑 Philip VI
1328–1350Monarch
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Henry III | Monarch | 1574–1589 |
| 👑 Charles IX | Monarch | 1560–1574 |
| 👑 Francis II | Monarch | 1559–1560 |
| 👑 Henry II | Monarch | 1547–1559 |
| 👑 Francis I | Monarch | 1515–1547 |
| 👑 Louis XII (Father of the People) | Monarch | 1498–1515 |
| 👑 Charles VIII (the Affable) | Monarch | 1483–1498 |
| 👑 Louis XI (the Prudent) | Monarch | 1461–1483 |
| 👑 Charles VII (the Victorious) | Monarch | 1422–1461 |
| 👑 Charles VI (the Mad) | Monarch | 1380–1422 |
| 👑 Charles V (the Wise) | Monarch | 1364–1380 |
| 👑 John II (the Good) | Monarch | 1350–1364 |
| 👑 Philip VI | Monarch | 1328–1350 |
Capetian Dynasty
👑 Charles IV (the Fair)
1322–1328Monarch
👑 Philip V (the Tall)
1316–1322Monarch
👑 John I (the Posthumous)
1316–1316Monarch
👑 Louis X (the Quarrelsome)
1314–1316Monarch
👑 Philip IV (the Fair)
1285–1314Monarch
👑 Philip III (the Bold)
1270–1285Monarch
👑 Louis IX (Saint Louis)
1226–1270Monarch
👑 Louis VIII (the Lion)
1223–1226Monarch
👑 Philip II (Augustus)
1180–1223Monarch
👑 Louis VII (the Younger)
1137–1180Monarch
👑 Louis VI (the Fat)
1108–1137Monarch
👑 Philip I
1060–1108Monarch
Show all 15 leaders
👑 Henry I
1031–1060Monarch
👑 Robert II (the Pious)
996–1031Monarch
👑 Hugh Capet
987–996Monarch
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Charles IV (the Fair) | Monarch | 1322–1328 |
| 👑 Philip V (the Tall) | Monarch | 1316–1322 |
| 👑 John I (the Posthumous) | Monarch | 1316–1316 |
| 👑 Louis X (the Quarrelsome) | Monarch | 1314–1316 |
| 👑 Philip IV (the Fair) | Monarch | 1285–1314 |
| 👑 Philip III (the Bold) | Monarch | 1270–1285 |
| 👑 Louis IX (Saint Louis) | Monarch | 1226–1270 |
| 👑 Louis VIII (the Lion) | Monarch | 1223–1226 |
| 👑 Philip II (Augustus) | Monarch | 1180–1223 |
| 👑 Louis VII (the Younger) | Monarch | 1137–1180 |
| 👑 Louis VI (the Fat) | Monarch | 1108–1137 |
| 👑 Philip I | Monarch | 1060–1108 |
| 👑 Henry I | Monarch | 1031–1060 |
| 👑 Robert II (the Pious) | Monarch | 996–1031 |
| 👑 Hugh Capet | Monarch | 987–996 |
Carolingian Dynasty
👑 Louis V (the Indolent)
986–987Monarch
👑 Lothair
954–986Monarch
👑 Louis IV (d'Outremer)
936–954Monarch
👑 Rudolph (Raoul)
923–936Monarch
👑 Robert I
922–923Monarch
👑 Charles III (the Simple)
898–922Monarch
👑 Odo (Eudes)
888–898Monarch
👑 Charles the Fat
884–888Monarch
👑 Carloman II
879–884Monarch
👑 Louis III
879–882Monarch
👑 Louis II (the Stammerer)
877–879Monarch
👑 Charles II (the Bald)
843–877Monarch
Show all 14 leaders
👑 Louis I (the Pious)
814–840Monarch
👑 Charlemagne
768–814Monarch
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Louis V (the Indolent) | Monarch | 986–987 |
| 👑 Lothair | Monarch | 954–986 |
| 👑 Louis IV (d'Outremer) | Monarch | 936–954 |
| 👑 Rudolph (Raoul) | Monarch | 923–936 |
| 👑 Robert I | Monarch | 922–923 |
| 👑 Charles III (the Simple) | Monarch | 898–922 |
| 👑 Odo (Eudes) | Monarch | 888–898 |
| 👑 Charles the Fat | Monarch | 884–888 |
| 👑 Carloman II | Monarch | 879–884 |
| 👑 Louis III | Monarch | 879–882 |
| 👑 Louis II (the Stammerer) | Monarch | 877–879 |
| 👑 Charles II (the Bald) | Monarch | 843–877 |
| 👑 Louis I (the Pious) | Monarch | 814–840 |
| 👑 Charlemagne | Monarch | 768–814 |
📈 Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
The powerline is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.
⚔️ Conflicts since 1945110 interstate wars · click to expand
Show all 110 wars
Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.”
👥 Population over time
Our World in Data population (CC BY): UN WPP 2024 from 1950, Gapminder v7 1800-1949, HYDE 3.3 earlier; today's borders. Figures above are as of 2023, the last year that is estimated rather than forecast. The dashed tail to 2026 is a UN WPP medium-variant projection. It is drawn because the line should reach the present, and drawn differently because it has not happened yet: no rank, peak or share on this page uses it. Before 1950 the series is reconstruction rather than contemporaneous statistics, which is worth knowing when a country’s peak sits back there. The current population shown elsewhere on this page comes from the workbook and is unchanged by this. Note that people and share of world can move in opposite directions. A country can grow steadily and still become a smaller part of humanity, which is what happened to almost every rich country after 1960.
👥 To 2100
The UN’s probabilistic projection for France: the median with its 80% and 95% bands, the UN’s own high, low and zero-migration scenarios beside it. Not this site’s model; the site reads it and says what it implies.
Tap or drag across the chart to read any year: the estimate to 2023, then the UN median, its bands and the scenarios.
What drives it
Births, deaths and net migration on the UN medium path, with fertility, life expectancy and median age, every decade from 1950.
Show all 16 decades
Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2024. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Estimates to 2023; projections 2024 to 2100, medium variant and probabilistic intervals. The UN revises every two years; this is the WPP 2024 revision.
💰 Billionaires53 · $590.7B combined · click to expand
Show all 53 rows
| # | Name | Net worth | Industry |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | Bernard Arnault & family(inherited) | $141.6B | Fashion & Retail |
| 22 | Francoise Bettencourt Meyers & family(inherited) | $95.8B | Fashion & Retail |
| 53 | Alain Wertheimer(inherited) | $39.4B | Fashion & Retail |
| 53 | Gerard Wertheimer(inherited) | $39.4B | Fashion & Retail |
| 91 | François Pinault & family | $27.3B | Fashion & Retail |
| 93 | Emmanuel Besnier(inherited) | $26.7B | Food & Beverage |
| 193 | Xavier Niel & family | $15.6B | Telecom |
| 305 | Carrie Perrodo & family(inherited) | $11.4B | Energy |
| 367 | Vincent Bolloré & family(inherited) | $9.7B | Finance & Investments |
| 390 | Jean-Michel Besnier(inherited) | $9.3B | Food & Beverage |
| 390 | Marie Besnier Beauvalot(inherited) | $9.3B | Food & Beverage |
| 436 | Laurent Dassault(inherited) | $8.7B | Diversified |
| 439 | Marie-Hélène Habert-Dassault(inherited) | $8.6B | Diversified |
| 439 | Thierry Dassault(inherited) | $8.6B | Diversified |
| 488 | Jacques Saadé Jr(inherited) | $7.9B | Logistics |
| 488 | Rodolphe Saadé(inherited) | $7.9B | Logistics |
| 488 | Tanya Saadé Zeenny(inherited) | $7.9B | Logistics |
| 491 | Patrick Drahi | $7.9B | Telecom |
| 607 | Mohed Altrad | $6.6B | Construction & Engineering |
| 681 | Alain Merieux & family(inherited) | $6.0B | Healthcare |
| 687 | Michel Leclercq & family(inherited) | $6.0B | Fashion & Retail |
| 779 | Danielle Bellon & family(inherited) | $5.4B | Service |
| 920 | Stéphane Bancel | $4.6B | Healthcare |
| 931 | Marc Ladreit de Lacharriere | $4.6B | Finance & Investments |
| 974 | Bernard Fraisse & family | $4.4B | Healthcare |
| 980 | Anne Beaufour(inherited) | $4.4B | Healthcare |
| 1014 | Olivier Pomel | $4.2B | Technology |
| 1099 | Norbert Dentressangle & family | $4.0B | Logistics |
| 1119 | Gilles Martin | $3.9B | Healthcare |
| 1130 | Louis Le Duff | $3.8B | Food & Beverage |
| 1179 | Martin Bouygues(inherited) | $3.7B | Construction & Engineering |
| 1202 | Olivier Bouygues(inherited) | $3.6B | Construction & Engineering |
| 1518 | Francois Feuillet & family(inherited) | $2.8B | Automotive |
| 1523 | Charles Edelstenne & family | $2.8B | Manufacturing |
| 1534 | Christian Latouche & family | $2.8B | Finance & Investments |
| 1629 | Daniel Rocher(inherited) | $2.6B | Fashion & Retail |
| 1630 | Bris Rocher(inherited) | $2.6B | Fashion & Retail |
| 1839 | Helena Dassault(inherited) | $2.3B | Diversified |
| 1839 | Remi Dassault(inherited) | $2.3B | Diversified |
| 1860 | Alain Taravella | $2.3B | Real Estate |
| 1872 | Natacha Nikolajevic(inherited) | $2.3B | Diversified |
| 2059 | Alex Bouaziz | $2.0B | Technology |
| 2144 | Philippe Ginestet & family | $2.0B | Fashion & Retail |
| 2238 | Stephane Courbit | $1.9B | Media & Entertainment |
| 2273 | Jean-Pierre Cayard & family(inherited) | $1.9B | Food & Beverage |
| 2338 | Arthur Mensch | $1.8B | Technology |
| 2338 | Guillaume Lample | $1.8B | Technology |
| 2338 | Timothée Lacroix(inherited) | $1.8B | Technology |
| 2445 | Yves-Loic Martin | $1.7B | Healthcare |
| 2820 | Eric Hémar | $1.4B | Logistics |
| 3122 | Edouard Carmignac | $1.2B | Finance & Investments |
| 3164 | Jacques Merceron-Vicat & family(inherited) | $1.2B | Construction & Engineering |
| 3211 | Christian Louboutin | $1.1B | Fashion & Retail |
Source: Forbes real-time billionaires (via the rtb-api project). Net worth as of the latest monthly snapshot.
🏆 National Teams
France on the international stage. Click a card for the full record.
National Teams Champions
Every major championship won by France's national teams, newest first. 48 in total.
Show all 48 titles
🏟️ League Hubs
Domestic league portals that operate in France: 4 leagues.