Leaders · resolves 14 May 2027
Does Emmanuel Macron's term as President of France end by 13 May 2027?
100%chance, our model
France
EuropeCapital city: ParisCapital metro: ParisPresident: Emmanuel MacronPrime Minister: Sébastien Lecornu
2026 population
69.1M
Rank #22 globally
Area
552k km² (213k sq mi)
Metros tracked
116
76% of population in metros
Composite score
425.3
Rank #6 globally
population: Yearly natl est (1 Jan 2026) · indicators as of 5 Sep 2026 · 116 metros tracked
🗺️ Geography116 metros
France metro footprint, shaded by composite tier.
Loading map…
116 polygons
Select a metro for its rank and a link to its page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.
🏙️ 116 tracked metros
116 metros
#3Paris★ Capital▲ Largest
Île-de-France · 12.9M · Global Capital
143.8
#125Lyon
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes · 2.4M · Major Metro
23.9
#135Marseille
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur · 2.1M · Major Metro
22.5
#146Nice
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur · 1.1M · Major Metro
20.5
#204Toulouse
Occitanie · 1.3M · Regional Hub
14.1
#219Bordeaux
Nouvelle-Aquitaine · 1.7M · Regional Hub
13.1
#222Lille
Hauts-de-France · 1.3M · Regional Hub
12.8
#234Strasbourg
Grand Est · 1.2M · Regional Hub
12.0
#256Nantes
Pays de la Loire · Occitanie · 1.1M · Regional Hub
10.8
#303Montpellier
Occitanie · 744K · Established Metro
8.9
#323Rennes
Brittany · 1.1M · Established Metro
8.2
#414Grenoble
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes · 751K · Established Metro
6.2
🗂️ Regions
13 entries listed under France. Select any to see its metros and footprint.
13 total
🧩 Constituents and territories
11 entries listed under France. Select any to see its own metros.
📋 At a glance
- Official language
- French
- Currency
- Euro (€)
- Government
- Semi-presidential system
- Legislature
- French Parliament
- Constitution
- 1958, 17 amendment events since
- Demonym
- French
- Time zone
- UTC+01:00
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +33
- Internet TLD
- .fr
- ISO 3166
- FR
- Established
- 481
- Highest point
- Mont Blanc (4,806 m (15,768 ft))
- National anthem
- La Marseillaise
Facts via Wikidata.
🗣️ Languages of France
French first; 3 languages share the country; 1 official.
| Language | Share | Status | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| French | 97% | Official | CLDR, country |
| English | 39% | None | CLDR, country |
| Spanish | 13% | None | CLDR, country |
| Standard Arabic | 5.6% | None | Modelled estimate, range 3.6–9.3% |
| German | 5% | None | CLDR, country |
| Occitan | 3% | None | CLDR, country |
Shares count first and second language, so they overlap and can add past 100%.
- English reach
- 39%
- Tier 3 country
- Effective languages
- 1.0
- Official-language gap
- 3%
- French is spoken by 97%
📰 In the news6 stories
The Stadium Business · 28 Oct 2026
NFL eyes further expansion after Paris debutThe NFL staged its first regular-season game in France and is eyeing Tokyo as early as 2027.
Front Office Sports · 27 Oct 2026
The NFL's first Paris game after a dramatic week in FranceThe Saints and Steelers played the NFL's first game in France without delay despite civil unrest.
The Economist · 24 Oct 2026
The agony of liberal EuropeThe Economist argues France's centrist government can no longer buy off protesters, leaving voters tempted by Marine Le Pen.
CNBC · 23 Oct 2026
French bond yields jump as protests spreadFrance's 10-year bond yield hit 5 percent amid mass, sometimes violent, cost-of-living protests.
Business Insider · 21 Oct 2026
4 figures that help explain the affordability crisis behind France's protestsFurther reading from the day's section on Bonds, Bubbles, and the Bill for the AI Buildout.
Business Insider · 20 Oct 2026
France is aflame as looters attack luxury stores, groceries, and pharmaciesCost-of-living and school protests turned into France's largest riots in years, with 1,500 shops damaged or looted and curfews in Paris, Nice and Lille.
💹 Economy and developmentHigh income
Human Dev. Index
#25 / 1910.920
UNDP · 2023
GDP
★ #7 / 193$3.37T
World Bank · 2025
GDP per capita
#26 / 193$49.0k
World Bank · 2025
GDP/capita (PPP)
#28 / 190$64.0k
World Bank · 2025
GNI/capita (Atlas)
#24 / 192$48.6k
World Bank · 2025
Life expectancy
#19 / 19483.0 yrs
World Bank · 2024
Median age
41.8 yrs
UN WPP · 2023
Urban population
#49 / 19479%
World Bank · 2025
Pop. growth
0.2%
World Bank · 2025
Pop. density
#70 / 193127/km² (329/mi²)
World Bank · 2023
Foreign-born
#46 / 19313.8%
World Bank · 2024
Rule of law
#17 / 1750.97
V-Dem · 2025
Gini index
#46 / 16631.8
World Bank · 2023
Internet users
#65 / 19389%
World Bank · 2024
Inflation
#35 / 1850.9%
World Bank · 2025
CO₂ per capita
#123 / 1924.0 t
Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Renewable electricity
#104 / 18626%
Ember · 2025
Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN WPP, V-Dem, Global Carbon Budget, Ember, Energy Institute; CC BY 4.0). Each card credits its originating body. Renewable share is of electricity generation, not of primary energy. Each figure is the most recent year available.
🔮 What happens next
Our forecasts, frozen before the result and scored after it.
Elections · resolves 11 Apr 2027
What share will Bruno Retailleau win in France's first round?
6.5%80% range 2.7% to 10.3%
Elections · resolves 11 Apr 2027
What share will David Lisnard win in France's first round?
6%80% range 2.2% to 9.8%
Elections · resolves 11 Apr 2027
What share will Dominique de Villepin win in France's first round?
1.5%80% range 0% to 5.3%
15 more on the forecast page.
🏛️ Leadership History89 leaders · click to expand
is an editorial flag: associated with atrocities against civilians, systemic subversion of the constitutional order, or a criminal conviction (political persecutions and annulled convictions excluded). It is a curated list, not a measurement, so a name without one has not been cleared of anything. Hover a badge for the reason on file. marks a monarch.
Fifth Republic
Sébastien Lecornu✦ Current
Prime Minister · Renaissance · 0y 11m 14d
2025–Present
Emmanuel Macron✦ Current
President · Centrist En Marche · 9y 1m 15d
2017–Present
Francois Hollande
President · Socialist · 5y
2012–2017
Nicolas Sarkozy
President · Conservative UMP · 5y 1d
2007–2012
Jacques Chirac
President · Gaullist/Conservative · 12y 2d
1995–2007
Francois Mitterrand
President · Socialist · 13y 12m 4d
1981–1995
Valery Giscard d'Estaing
President · Centre-right · 6y 12m 1d
1974–1981
Georges Pompidou
President · Gaullist · 4y 9m 17d
1969–1974
Charles de Gaulle
President · Gaullist · 10y 3m 23d
1959–1969
Fourth Republic
René Coty
President (4th Republic) · IR · 5y
1954–1959
Vincent Auriol
President · Socialist · 7y 2d
1947–1954
Provisional Government
Georges Bidault
President (GPRF) · MRP · 5m
1946–1946
Félix Gouin
President (GPRF) · Socialist · 5m
1946–1946
Charles de Gaulle
President (GPRF) · 16m
1944–1946
Vichy France
Philippe Pétain
Head of State (Vichy) · Vichy Regime · 4y
1940–1944
Third Republic
Albert Lebrun
President · Republican · 8y 2m 3d
1932–1940
Paul Doumer
President · Republican · 10m 29d
1931–1932
Gaston Doumergue
President · Republican · 7y 1d
1924–1931
Alexandre Millerand
President · Republican · 3y 8m 22d
1920–1924
Paul Deschanel
President · Republican · 8m 7d
1920–1920
Raymond Poincare
President · Republican · 7y 1d
1913–1920
Armand Fallieres
President · Republican · 7y 2d
1906–1913
Emile Loubet
President · Republican · 6y 11m 5d
1899–1906
Felix Faure
President · Republican · 4y 1m 1d
1895–1899
Jean Casimir-Perier
President · Republican · 6m 23d
1894–1895
Sadi Carnot
President · Republican · 6y 5m 25d
1888–1894
Jules Grevy
President · Republican · 8y 10m 8d
1879–1887
Second Empire
Emperor Napoleon III
Emperor (Second Empire) · Bonapartist · 18y
1852–1870
Second Republic
Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte
President / Prince-President · Bonapartist · 3y 1m 24d
1848–1852
Provisional Government of 1848
Head of State (Provisional Government) · 1848-1848
1848–1848
July Monarchy
Louis Philippe I
Monarch · 1830-1848
1830–1848
Bourbon Restoration
Charles X
Monarch · 1824-1830
1824–1830
Louis XVIII
Monarch · 1815-1824
1815–1824
Louis XVIII
Monarch · 1814-1815
1814–1815
First Empire
Emperor Napoleon I (Hundred Days)
Monarch · 1815-1815
1815–1815
Emperor Napoleon I
Monarch · 1804-1814
1804–1814
First Republic
Napoleon Bonaparte (First Consul)
First Consul · 1799-1804
1799–1804
Executive Directory
President of the Directory · 1795-1799
1795–1799
Head of State (National Convention)
Head of State (National Convention) · 1792-1795
1792–1795
House of Bourbon
Louis XVI
Monarch · 1774-1792
1774–1792
Louis XV (the Beloved)
Monarch · 1715-1774
1715–1774
Louis XIV (the Sun King)
Monarch · 1643-1715
1643–1715
Louis XIII (the Just)
Monarch · 1610-1643
1610–1643
Henry IV (the Great)
Monarch · 1589-1610
1589–1610
House of Valois
Henry III
Monarch · 1574-1589
1574–1589
Charles IX
Monarch · 1560-1574
1560–1574
Francis II
Monarch · 1559-1560
1559–1560
Henry II
Monarch · 1547-1559
1547–1559
Francis I
Monarch · 1515-1547
1515–1547
Louis XII (Father of the People)
Monarch · 1498-1515
1498–1515
Charles VIII (the Affable)
Monarch · 1483-1498
1483–1498
Louis XI (the Prudent)
Monarch · 1461-1483
1461–1483
Charles VII (the Victorious)
Monarch · 1422-1461
1422–1461
Charles VI (the Mad)
Monarch · 1380-1422
1380–1422
Charles V (the Wise)
Monarch · 1364-1380
1364–1380
John II (the Good)
Monarch · 1350-1364
1350–1364
Capetian Dynasty
Charles IV (the Fair)
Monarch · 1322-1328
1322–1328
Philip V (the Tall)
Monarch · 1316-1322
1316–1322
John I (the Posthumous)
Monarch · 1316-1316
1316–1316
Louis X (the Quarrelsome)
Monarch · 1314-1316
1314–1316
Philip IV (the Fair)
Monarch · 1285-1314
1285–1314
Philip III (the Bold)
Monarch · 1270-1285
1270–1285
Louis IX (Saint Louis)
Monarch · 1226-1270
1226–1270
Louis VIII (the Lion)
Monarch · 1223-1226
1223–1226
Philip II (Augustus)
Monarch · 1180-1223
1180–1223
Louis VII (the Younger)
Monarch · 1137-1180
1137–1180
Louis VI (the Fat)
Monarch · 1108-1137
1108–1137
Philip I
Monarch · 1060-1108
1060–1108
Carolingian Dynasty
Louis V (the Indolent)
Monarch · 986-987
986–987
Lothair
Monarch · 954-986
954–986
Louis IV (d'Outremer)
Monarch · 936-954
936–954
Rudolph (Raoul)
Monarch · 923-936
923–936
Robert I
Monarch · 922-923
922–923
Charles III (the Simple)
Monarch · 898-922
898–922
Odo (Eudes)
Monarch · 888-898
888–898
Charles the Fat
Monarch · 884-888
884–888
Carloman II
Monarch · 879-884
879–884
Louis III
Monarch · 879-882
879–882
Louis II (the Stammerer)
Monarch · 877-879
877–879
Charles II (the Bald)
Monarch · 843-877
843–877
Elections
Elections since the Revolution →
Legislative contests back to 1791 and every Fifth Republic presidential runoff in one hub.
Constitution
Written 1958 →
17 amendment events since, the last in 2024. Compare it with every other country.
Spectrum →
Executive not classified
Legislature 4.1 mean, 2.5 spread · semi presidential
📈 Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
Today
Middle Power#5 · 3.4%
Latent vs recognised
Punches above its mass: standing beats material weight
Power (headline share)Latent (material mass)Recognised (standing)
The power line is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.
⚔️ Wars and conflicts110 interstate wars · click to expand
Second Ivorian Civil War2010–2011
Combat deaths: —
Somali Civil War (2009–present)●2009–present
European Union,EUTM Somalia,United Nations UNPOS (1995–2013),United Nations UNSOM (2013–2024),United Nations UNTMIS (2025–present),United Nations UNSOA (2009–2016),United Nations UNSOS (2016–present),Independent regional forces,Puntland,Jubaland,Al-Qaeda and allies,Al-Shabaab
Combat deaths: —
Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.” Figures marked “COW battle deaths” are Correlates of War battle-death counts, which run lower than total deaths.
👥 Population over time
Population 2023
66.4m
#23 in the world
Since 1800
2.29×
from 29.0m
Peak
2023
at its largest now
Share of world
0.82%
3.0% in 1800
Our World in Data population (CC BY): UN WPP 2024 from 1950, Gapminder v7 1800-1949, HYDE 3.3 earlier; today's borders. Figures above are as of 2023, the last year that is estimated rather than forecast. The dashed tail to 2026 is a UN WPP medium-variant projection. It is drawn because the line should reach the present, and drawn differently because it has not happened yet: no rank, peak or share on this page uses it. Before 1950 the series is reconstruction rather than contemporaneous statistics, which is worth knowing when a country’s peak sits back there. The current population shown elsewhere on this page comes from the workbook and is unchanged by this. Note that people and share of world can move in opposite directions. A country can grow steadily and still become a smaller part of humanity, which is what happened to almost every rich country after 1960.
👥 To 2100
The UN’s probabilistic projection for France: the median with its 80% and 95% bands, the UN’s own high, low and zero-migration scenarios beside it. Not this site’s model; the site reads it and says what it implies.
Peak on the median
2095
68.5m on the UN median
2050
68.2m
95% band 61.0m to 74.9m
2100
68.5m
95% band 39.2m to 100m
2100 against 2025
1.03×
median falling from 2096
Deaths outnumber births
from 2027
on the UN medium path; migration decides the rest
estimateUN median80% and 95% bandshigh and low fertilityzero migration
What drives it
Births, deaths and net migration on the UN medium path, with fertility, life expectancy and median age, every decade from 1950.
1950
866k born · 534k died · +131k net migration
TFR 2.96 · life expectancy 66.4 · median age 33.4
1960
832k born · 523k died · +143k net migration
TFR 2.73 · life expectancy 70.4 · median age 31.8
1970
849k born · 542k died · +183k net migration
TFR 2.48 · life expectancy 72.1 · median age 31.4
1980
802k born · 548k died · +55k net migration
TFR 1.95 · life expectancy 74.2 · median age 31.3
1990
771k born · 528k died · +43k net migration
TFR 1.78 · life expectancy 76.8 · median age 33.7
2000
781k born · 534k died · +172k net migration
TFR 1.88 · life expectancy 79.0 · median age 36.7
2010
805k born · 547k died · +53k net migration
TFR 2.02 · life expectancy 81.4 · median age 39.0
2020
696k born · 665k died · +146k net migration
TFR 1.78 · life expectancy 82.2 · median age 41.3
Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2024. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Estimates to 2023; projections 2024 to 2100, medium variant and probabilistic intervals. The UN revises every two years; this is the WPP 2024 revision.
💰 Billionaires54 · $591.7B combined · click to expand
Fashion & Retail · LVMH
$141.6B
Fashion & Retail · L'Oréal
$95.8B
Fashion & Retail · Chanel
$39.4B
Fashion & Retail · Chanel
$39.4B
Fashion & Retail · Luxury goods
$27.3B
Food & Beverage · Cheese
$26.7B
Telecom · Internet, telecom
$15.6B
Energy · Oil
$11.4B
Finance & Investments · Investments
$9.7B
Food & Beverage · Cheese
$9.3B
Food & Beverage · Cheese
$9.3B
Diversified · Diversified
$8.7B
Source: Forbes real-time billionaires (via the rtb-api project). Net worth as of the latest monthly snapshot.
🏆 National Teams
France on the international stage. Select a card for the full record.
Olympics
France
Games 54
Medals 1,038
All-time #6
Summer #1 (G/M) 2/2
312 golds
Men's FootballUEFA
France
FIFA #3
Elo #4
WC apps 17
Major trophies 7
2 World Cups
Handball
France
All-time #2
Oly medals 5
Worlds golds 6
Worlds medals 13
Elo rank #2
3 Olympic golds
Volleyball
France
2024 Olympic men's volleyball Champions
All-time #4
Oly medals 2
Worlds medals 1
Elo rank #4
2 Olympic golds
Rugby UnionSix Nations
France
2026 Six Nations Tournament Champions
Elo rank #4
6N titles 28
Tests 734
No World Cups
Rugby League
France
Runner-up 2
Semis 6
Best Runners-up
No World Cups
Basketball
France
Elo rank #7
Oly medals 4
WC apps 9
No Olympic golds
Women's Football
France
FIFA #6
Elo #6
WWC apps 5
Best Fourth place
No World Cups
CricketAssociate
France
Matches 51
National Teams Champions
Every major championship won by France's national teams, newest first. 58 in total.
🏟️ League Hubs
Domestic league portals that operate in France: 4 leagues.