Russia
an editorial flag: atrocities, subversion of the constitutional order, or a criminal conviction.
population: Official estimate (1 Jan 2025) · indicators as of 5 Sep 2026 · 271 metros tracked
🗺️ Geography270 of 271 metros
Russia metro footprint, shaded by composite tier.
Select a metro for its rank and a link to its page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.
🏙️ 271 tracked metros
🗂️ Administrative subdivisions
85 entries listed under Russia across 6 types. Select any to see its metros and footprint.
Oblasts (46)
Republics (22)
Krais (9)
Autonomous Okrugs (4)
Federal Cities (3)
Autonomous Oblasts (1)
📋 At a glance
- Official language
- Russian
- Currency
- Russian ruble (₽)
- Government
- Super-presidential republic
- Legislature
- Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
- Constitution
- 1993, 6 amendment events since
- Demonym
- Russian
- Time zone
- UTC+02:00
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +7
- Internet TLD
- .ru, .su, .рф, .рус
- ISO 3166
- RU
- Established
- 1263
- Highest point
- Mount Elbrus (5,642 m (18,510 ft))
- National anthem
- State Anthem of the Russian Federation
Facts via Wikidata.
🗣️ Languages of Russia
Russian first; one language carries the country; 1 official.
| Language | Share | Status | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Russian | 99% | Official | CLDR, country |
| English | 3.8% | None | CLDR, country |
| Tatar | 2.4% | Regional | CLDR, country |
| Chuvash | 1.3% | None | CLDR, country |
| Chechen | 1.1% | Regional | CLDR, country |
| Eastern Armenian | 0.8% | None | CLDR, country |
Shares count first and second language, so they overlap and can add past 100%.
- English reach
- 4%
- Tier 3 country
- Effective languages
- 1.0
- Official-language gap
- 1%
- Russian is spoken by 99%
📰 In the news6 stories
Novaya Gazeta · 31 Oct 2026
We Have Been Killed. A statement from Novaya Gazeta on the end of its existenceNovaya Gazeta says it is closing, blaming a coordinated Kremlin campaign after being labeled a foreign agent.
The Athletic · 26 Oct 2026
Russia to stage World Weightlifting Championships, first major hosting since full-scale Ukraine invasionHosting the weightlifting world championships would be Russia's first major international sporting event since its full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
Vox · 21 Oct 2026
Trump, Russia, Ukraine, diesel, refineries and StarlinkVox traces how Trump's Russia policy, from Russian diesel imports to pressure on Zelenskyy, tracks US gas prices before the midterms.
Vox · 21 Oct 2026
What a Ukraine-Russia ceasefire deal under Trump could look likeFurther reading from the day's section on Ukraine, the Gulf, and a World Bracing for Impact.
The Washington Post · 21 Oct 2026
Trump administration holds up Patriot missiles for UkraineThe administration is holding up Patriot interceptors meant for Ukraine as relations with Kyiv deteriorate.
SportBusiness · 10 Oct 2026
Okko serves up tennis with Russian ATP rightsOkko will be the first mainstream Russian broadcaster to show pro tennis since the invasion of Ukraine.
💹 Economy and developmentHigh income
Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN WPP, V-Dem, Global Carbon Budget, Ember, Energy Institute; CC BY 4.0). Each card credits its originating body. Renewable share is of electricity generation, not of primary energy. Each figure is the most recent year available.
🏛️ Leadership History61 leaders · click to expand
is an editorial flag: associated with atrocities against civilians, systemic subversion of the constitutional order, or a criminal conviction (political persecutions and annulled convictions excluded). It is a curated list, not a measurement, so a name without one has not been cleared of anything. Hover a badge for the reason on file. marks a monarch.
Modern Russia
Soviet Era
Imperial Era
Tsardom of Russia
Grand Duchy of Moscow
Vladimir-Suzdal
Kievan Rus'
Elections
Russian & Soviet votes, recorded honestly →
Single-list rituals, the free 1990s window, and the managed elections that closed it.
Constitution
Written 1993 →
6 amendment events since, the last in 2022. Compare it with every other country.
Spectrum →
Executive 4.5 (expert)
Legislature 4.4 mean, 0.7 spread · semi presidential
📈 Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
The power line is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.
⚔️ Wars and conflicts84 interstate wars · click to expand
Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.” Figures marked “COW battle deaths” are Correlates of War battle-death counts, which run lower than total deaths.
👥 Population over time
Our World in Data population (CC BY): UN WPP 2024 from 1950, Gapminder v7 1800-1949, HYDE 3.3 earlier; today's borders. Figures above are as of 2023, the last year that is estimated rather than forecast. The dashed tail to 2026 is a UN WPP medium-variant projection. It is drawn because the line should reach the present, and drawn differently because it has not happened yet: no rank, peak or share on this page uses it. Before 1950 the series is reconstruction rather than contemporaneous statistics, which is worth knowing when a country’s peak sits back there. The current population shown elsewhere on this page comes from the workbook and is unchanged by this. Russia is past its peak, which is less unusual than it sounds: the two lines here can point in opposite directions, and for most of Europe and East Asia they now both point down.
👥 To 2100
The UN’s probabilistic projection for Russia: the median with its 80% and 95% bands, the UN’s own high, low and zero-migration scenarios beside it. Not this site’s model; the site reads it and says what it implies.
What drives it
Births, deaths and net migration on the UN medium path, with fertility, life expectancy and median age, every decade from 1950.
Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2024. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Estimates to 2023; projections 2024 to 2100, medium variant and probabilistic intervals. The UN revises every two years; this is the WPP 2024 revision.
💰 Billionaires149 · $652.0B combined · click to expand
Source: Forbes real-time billionaires (via the rtb-api project). Net worth as of the latest monthly snapshot.
🏆 National Teams
Russia on the international stage. Select a card for the full record.
National Teams Champions
Every major championship won by Russia's national teams, newest first. 51 in total.