Bulgaria
population: Official estimate (31 Dec 2025) · indicators as of 5 Sep 2026 · 25 metros tracked
🗺️ Geography25 metros
Bulgaria metro footprint, shaded by composite tier.
Select a metro for its rank and a link to its page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.
🏙️ 25 tracked metros
🗂️ Provinces
28 entries listed under Bulgaria. Select any to see its metros and footprint.
📋 At a glance
- Official language
- Bulgarian
- Currency
- Euro (€)
- Government
- Parliamentary republic
- Legislature
- National Assembly of Bulgaria
- Constitution
- 1991, 5 amendment events since
- Demonym
- Bulgarian
- Time zone
- UTC+02:00
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +359
- Internet TLD
- .bg, .бг
- ISO 3166
- BG
- Established
- 1878
- Highest point
- Musala (2,925 m (9,596 ft))
- National anthem
- Mila Rodino
Facts via Wikidata.
🗣️ Languages of Bulgaria
Bulgarian first; 4 languages share the country; 1 official.
| Language | Share | Status | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgarian | 100% | Official | CLDR, country |
| English | 25% | None | CLDR, country |
| Russian | 23% | None | CLDR, country |
| Turkish | 11% | None | CLDR, country |
| German | 8% | None | CLDR, country |
Shares count first and second language, so they overlap and can add past 100%.
- English reach
- 25%
- Tier 3 country
- Effective languages
- 1.0
- Official-language gap
- 0%
- Bulgarian is spoken by 100%
💹 Economy and developmentHigh income
Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN WPP, V-Dem, Global Carbon Budget, Ember, Energy Institute; CC BY 4.0). Each card credits its originating body. Renewable share is of electricity generation, not of primary energy. Each figure is the most recent year available.
Alliances & Organisations3 full memberships
Security
Political & Economic
Full memberDashed border = Candidate / ApplicantItalic = Dialogue / Observer
🏛️ Leadership History52 leaders · click to expand
is an editorial flag: associated with atrocities against civilians, systemic subversion of the constitutional order, or a criminal conviction (political persecutions and annulled convictions excluded). It is a curated list, not a measurement, so a name without one has not been cleared of anything. Hover a badge for the reason on file. marks a monarch.
Progressive Bulgaria era
Political instability era
EU member era
EU accession era
Pre-EU reform era
Post-communist transition
People's Republic of Bulgaria
Kingdom of Bulgaria
Principality of Bulgaria
Second Bulgarian Empire
First Bulgarian Empire
📈 Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
The power line is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.
⚔️ Wars and conflicts6 interstate wars · click to expand
| Conflict | Years | Against | Combat deaths |
|---|---|---|---|
| Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia | 1968 | Czechoslovakia | 254+ |
| World War II● | 1939–1945 | Soviet Union,United States,United Kingdom,China,Free France Free France,Poland,Yugoslavia,Greece,Netherlands,Belgium,Luxembourg,Norway,Denmark | 16,634,907+ |
| World War I● | 1914–1918 | British Empire,France,Russia,Serbia,Belgium,Italy (from 1915),Japan,United States (from 1917),Romania,Portugal,Greece (from 1917) | 8,578,031+ |
| Second Balkan War● | 1913 | Ottoman Empire,Kingdom of Greece,Kingdom of Serbia,Kingdom of Montenegro,Kingdom of Romania | 60,500+ |
| First Balkan War● | 1912–1913 | Ottoman Empire | 82,000+ |
| Serbo-Bulgarian War | 1885 | Serbia | 5,000+ |
Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.” Figures marked “COW battle deaths” are Correlates of War battle-death counts, which run lower than total deaths.
👥 Population over time
Our World in Data population (CC BY): UN WPP 2024 from 1950, Gapminder v7 1800-1949, HYDE 3.3 earlier; today's borders. Figures above are as of 2023, the last year that is estimated rather than forecast. The dashed tail to 2026 is a UN WPP medium-variant projection. It is drawn because the line should reach the present, and drawn differently because it has not happened yet: no rank, peak or share on this page uses it. Before 1950 the series is reconstruction rather than contemporaneous statistics, which is worth knowing when a country’s peak sits back there. The current population shown elsewhere on this page comes from the workbook and is unchanged by this. Bulgaria is past its peak, which is less unusual than it sounds: the two lines here can point in opposite directions, and for most of Europe and East Asia they now both point down.
👥 To 2100
The UN’s probabilistic projection for Bulgaria: the median with its 80% and 95% bands, the UN’s own high, low and zero-migration scenarios beside it. Not this site’s model; the site reads it and says what it implies.
What drives it
Births, deaths and net migration on the UN medium path, with fertility, life expectancy and median age, every decade from 1950.
Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2024. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Estimates to 2023; projections 2024 to 2100, medium variant and probabilistic intervals. The UN revises every two years; this is the WPP 2024 revision.
💰 Billionaires2 · $5.8B combined · click to expand
Source: Forbes real-time billionaires (via the rtb-api project). Net worth as of the latest monthly snapshot.
🏆 National Teams
Bulgaria on the international stage. Select a card for the full record.