Elections · resolves 6 Oct 2030
Will F. Bolsonaro beat Lula in Brazil's 2030 runoff?
67%chance, our model
Brazil
South AmericaCapital city: BrasiliaCapital metro: BrasiliaMost important metro: Sao PauloPresident: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
2026 population
213.4M
Rank #7 globally
Area
8.5M km² (3.3M sq mi)
Metros tracked
221
64% of population in metros
Composite score
279.0
Rank #12 globally
population: Official estimate (1 Jul 2025) · indicators as of 5 Sep 2026 · 221 metros tracked
🗺️ Geography221 metros
Brazil metro footprint, shaded by composite tier.
Loading map…
221 polygons
Select a metro for its rank and a link to its page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.
🏙️ 221 tracked metros
221 metros
#24Sao Paulo▲ Largest
São Paulo · 22.3M · Continental Metro
62.9
Rio de Janeiro · 12.9M · Major Metro
37.9
#223Brasilia★ Capital
Distrito Federal · Goiás · 4.8M · Regional Hub
12.8
#235Belo Horizonte
Minas Gerais · 5.4M · Regional Hub
12.0
#255Campinas
São Paulo · 3.3M · Regional Hub
10.9
#260Porto Alegre
Rio Grande do Sul · 4.2M · Regional Hub
10.6
#266Itajai
Santa Catarina · 533K · Regional Hub
10.2
#270Goiania
Goiás · 2.7M · Regional Hub
10.0
#300Salvador
Bahia · 3.6M · Established Metro
9.0
#361Santos
São Paulo · 1.9M · Established Metro
7.2
#386Fortaleza
Ceará · 3.8M · Established Metro
6.7
#438Recife
Pernambuco · 4.0M · Established Metro
5.8
🗂️ Administrative subdivisions
27 entries listed under Brazil across 2 types. Select any to see its metros and footprint.
27 total
States (26)
Districts (1)
📋 At a glance
- Official language
- Portuguese
- Currency
- Brazilian real (R$)
- Government
- Federal republic
- Legislature
- National Congress of Brazil
- Constitution
- 1988, 33 amendment events since
- Demonym
- Brazilian
- Time zones
- UTC−02:00, UTC−03:00, UTC−04:00
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +55
- Internet TLD
- .br
- ISO 3166
- BR
- Established
- 1822
- Highest point
- Pico da Neblina (2,994 m (9,823 ft))
- National anthem
- Brazilian National Anthem
Facts via Wikidata.
🗣️ Languages of Brazil
Portuguese first; one language carries the country; 1 official.
| Language | Share | Status | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Portuguese | 91% | Official | CLDR, country |
| English | 8% | None | CLDR, country |
| German | 0.8% | None | CLDR, country |
| Hunsrik | 0.6% | None | CLDR, country |
| Italian | 0.3% | None | CLDR, country |
| Venetian | 0.2% | Regional | CLDR, country |
Shares count first and second language, so they overlap and can add past 100%.
- English reach
- 8%
- Tier 3 country
- Effective languages
- 1.2
- Official-language gap
- 9%
- Portuguese is spoken by 91%
📰 In the news6 stories
GZERO · 1 Nov 2026
What Actually Happened This Week: Flavio Flies, Netanyahu Denies, and the Midterms Are NighBremmer explains Lula's record comeback in Brazil, Flavio Bolsonaro's flight to Miami, and Netanyahu's fraud claims after Israel's inconclusive vote.
Financial Times · 28 Oct 2026
Brazil's real suffers worst day this century after Lula winBrazil's real had its worst day this century and stocks fell 14% after Lula's surprise reelection.
The New York Times · 27 Oct 2026
Lula wins re-election as Brazil's presidentLula won a fourth term 51.8% to 48.2%, the first runoff comeback since Brazil's return to direct elections in 1989.
The Conversation · 27 Oct 2026
Lula wins a 'miracle' election in Brazil. Now comes the hard partAnalyst Guilherme Casarões said no Brazilian runoff campaign had ever brought so many people to the streets and social media.
Reuters · 24 Oct 2026
Flávio Bolsonaro, Lula about even ahead of Brazil runoffPolls show Lula and Flávio Bolsonaro about even ahead of Sunday's Brazil runoff.
Ian Bremmer (GZERO) · 10 Oct 2026
What Actually Mattered This Week: Brazil Votes, France Protests, and Israel ReckonsIan Bremmer on Brazil's runoff, France's student protests and Israel's coming election.
💹 Economy and developmentUpper middle income
Human Dev. Index
#83 / 1910.786
UNDP · 2023
GDP
#11 / 193$2.28T
World Bank · 2025
GDP per capita
#80 / 193$10.7k
World Bank · 2025
GDP/capita (PPP)
#81 / 190$23.4k
World Bank · 2025
GNI/capita (Atlas)
#79 / 192$10.6k
World Bank · 2025
Life expectancy
#79 / 19476.0 yrs
World Bank · 2024
Median age
33.9 yrs
UN WPP · 2023
Urban population
#24 / 19488%
World Bank · 2025
Pop. growth
0.4%
World Bank · 2025
Pop. density
#160 / 19325/km² (65/mi²)
World Bank · 2023
Foreign-born
#161 / 1930.7%
World Bank · 2024
Rule of law
#41 / 1750.86
V-Dem · 2025
Gini index
#158 / 16650.3
World Bank · 2024
Internet users
#82 / 19384%
World Bank · 2024
Inflation
#138 / 1855.0%
World Bank · 2025
CO₂ per capita
#86 / 1922.3 t
Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Renewable electricity
#27 / 18687%
Ember · 2025
Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN WPP, V-Dem, Global Carbon Budget, Ember, Energy Institute; CC BY 4.0). Each card credits its originating body. Renewable share is of electricity generation, not of primary energy. Each figure is the most recent year available.
🔮 What happens next
Our forecasts, frozen before the result and scored after it.
LA28 Olympics · resolves 30 Jul 2028
How many gold medals does Brazil win at LA28?
4 gold medals80% range 2 gold medals to 9 gold medals
LA28 Olympics · resolves 30 Jul 2028
How many medals in all does Brazil win at LA28?
20 medals80% range 11 medals to 34 medals
Elections · resolves 6 Oct 2030
What share will Caiado win in Brazil's first round?
3.3%80% range 0% to 9%
5 more on the forecast page.
Alliances & Organisations5 full memberships
Full memberDashed border = Candidate / ApplicantItalic = Dialogue / Observer
🏛️ Leadership History39 leaders · click to expand
is an editorial flag: associated with atrocities against civilians, systemic subversion of the constitutional order, or a criminal conviction (political persecutions and annulled convictions excluded). It is a curated list, not a measurement, so a name without one has not been cleared of anything. Hover a badge for the reason on file. marks a monarch.
New Republic
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva✦ Current
President · PT · 3y 5m 13d
2023–Present
Jair Bolsonaro
President · PL · 4y 21d
2019–2023
Michel Temer
President · MDB · 2y 4m 13d
2016–2019
Dilma Rousseff
President · PT · 5y 8m 29d
2011–2016
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
President · PT · 8y 12d
2003–2011
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
President · PSDB · 8y 12d
1995–2003
Itamar Franco
President · PMDB · 2y 13d
1992–1995
Fernando Collor
President · PRN · 2y 9m
1990–1992
José Sarney
President · PMDB · 5y 26d
1985–1990
Military Dictatorship
João Figueiredo
President · Military · 6 years
1979–1985
Ernesto Geisel
President · Military · 5 years
1974–1979
Emílio Médici
President · Military · 4 years
1969–1974
Artur da Costa e Silva
President · Military · 2 years
1967–1969
Humberto Castelo Branco
President · Military · 2 years
1964–1967
Fourth Republic
João Goulart
President · Brazilian Labour · 2 years
1961–1964
Jânio Quadros
President · National Labour · 7 months
1961–1961
Juscelino Kubitschek
President · Social Democratic · 5 years
1956–1961
Café Filho
President · Social Progressive · 1 year
1954–1955
Getúlio Vargas
President · Brazilian Labour · 3 years
1951–1954
Eurico Gaspar Dutra
President · Social Democratic · 5 years
1946–1951
Vargas Era
Getúlio Vargas
President · 15 years
1930–1945
First Republic
Washington Luís
President · Republican · 3 years
1926–1930
Artur Bernardes
President · Republican · 4 years
1922–1926
Epitácio Pessoa
President · Republican · 3 years
1919–1922
Venceslau Brás
President · Republican · 4 years
1914–1918
Hermes da Fonseca
President · Military/Republican · 4 years
1910–1914
Afonso Pena
President · Republican · 2 years
1906–1909
Rodrigues Alves
President · Republican · 4 years
1902–1906
Campos Sales
President · Republican · 4 years
1898–1902
Prudente de Morais
President · Republican · 4 years
1894–1898
Floriano Peixoto
President · Military · 2 years
1891–1894
Deodoro da Fonseca
President · Military · 2 years
1889–1891
Empire of Brazil
Emperor Pedro II
Emperor · 48 years
1841–1889
Emperor Pedro I
Emperor · 8 years
1822–1831
Regency of Brazil
Pedro de Araújo Lima
Regent · 3y 9m 29d
1837–1841
Diogo Antônio Feijó
Regent · 1y 11m 7d
1835–1837
Trinal Regency
Regency · 4y 6m 5d
1831–1835
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
João VI
King · 6y 5m 18d
1816–1822
Maria I
Queen · 3m 4d
1815–1816
Elections
Elections since the first Republic →
Presidential contests from 1891 and the parliamentary record, through the 2022 runoff.
Constitution
Written 1988 →
33 amendment events since, the last in 2025. Compare it with every other country.
Spectrum →
Executive 2.4 (expert)
Legislature 5.4 mean, 1.5 spread · presidential
📈 Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
Today
Middle Power#11 · 2.3%
Latent vs recognised
Under-recognised: more mass than standing
Power (headline share)Latent (material mass)Recognised (standing)
The power line is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.
⚔️ Wars and conflicts8 interstate wars · click to expand
Cisplatine War1825–1828
Combat deaths: 6,000+
| Conflict | Years | Against | Combat deaths |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acre War | 1899–1903 | Bolivia | — |
| Paraguayan War● | 1864–1870 | Paraguay | 310,000+ |
| Uruguayan War | 1864–1865 | Uruguay | — |
| Platine War | 1851–1852 | Argentine Confederation,Blancos | 1,300+ |
| Uruguayan Civil War | 1839–1851 | Blancos,Federalists,Argentine Confederation | — |
| Ragamuffin War● | 1835–1845 | Riograndense Republic,Juliana Republic | 20,000+ |
| Cisplatine War | 1825–1828 | United Provinces of the Río de la PlataThirty-Three Orientals | 6,000+ |
| Brazilian War of Independence | 1822–1825 | Portugal Kingdom of Portugal | — |
Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.” Figures marked “COW battle deaths” are Correlates of War battle-death counts, which run lower than total deaths.
👥 Population over time
Population 2023
211m
#7 in the world
Since 1800
84×
from 2.5m
Peak
2023
at its largest now
Share of world
2.6%
0.25% in 1800
Our World in Data population (CC BY): UN WPP 2024 from 1950, Gapminder v7 1800-1949, HYDE 3.3 earlier; today's borders. Figures above are as of 2023, the last year that is estimated rather than forecast. The dashed tail to 2026 is a UN WPP medium-variant projection. It is drawn because the line should reach the present, and drawn differently because it has not happened yet: no rank, peak or share on this page uses it. Before 1950 the series is reconstruction rather than contemporaneous statistics, which is worth knowing when a country’s peak sits back there. The current population shown elsewhere on this page comes from the workbook and is unchanged by this. Note that people and share of world can move in opposite directions. A country can grow steadily and still become a smaller part of humanity, which is what happened to almost every rich country after 1960.
👥 To 2100
The UN’s probabilistic projection for Brazil: the median with its 80% and 95% bands, the UN’s own high, low and zero-migration scenarios beside it. Not this site’s model; the site reads it and says what it implies.
Peak on the median
2042
219m on the UN median
2050
217m
95% band 196m to 236m
2100
163m
95% band 101m to 236m
2100 against 2025
0.77×
median falling from 2043
Deaths outnumber births
from 2043
on the UN medium path; migration decides the rest
estimateUN median80% and 95% bandshigh and low fertilityzero migration
What drives it
Births, deaths and net migration on the UN medium path, with fertility, life expectancy and median age, every decade from 1950.
1950
2.5m born · 910k died · +10k net migration
TFR 6.12 · life expectancy 48.5 · median age 17.5
1960
3.2m born · 984k died · +4k net migration
TFR 6.05 · life expectancy 53.2 · median age 16.9
1970
3.4m born · 998k died · -19k net migration
TFR 4.93 · life expectancy 57.3 · median age 17.3
1980
3.9m born · 1.0m died · -39k net migration
TFR 4.04 · life expectancy 61.8 · median age 19.2
1990
3.7m born · 1.0m died · -31k net migration
TFR 2.90 · life expectancy 65.9 · median age 21.4
2000
3.5m born · 1.1m died · -46k net migration
TFR 2.25 · life expectancy 69.6 · median age 24.2
2010
3.0m born · 1.1m died · -262k net migration
TFR 1.79 · life expectancy 73.8 · median age 28.2
2020
2.7m born · 1.6m died · -78k net migration
TFR 1.65 · life expectancy 74.5 · median age 32.7
Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2024. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Estimates to 2023; projections 2024 to 2100, medium variant and probabilistic intervals. The UN revises every two years; this is the WPP 2024 revision.
💰 Billionaires73 · $247.9B combined · click to expand
Technology · Facebook
$31.9B
Food & Beverage · Beer
$19.6B
#332Andre Esteves
Finance & Investments · Banking
$10.7B
Diversified · Banking, minerals
$9.7B
Diversified · Banking, minerals
$8.9B
Food & Beverage · Beer
$7.2B
Food & Beverage · Eggs
$6.8B
#594Miguel Krigsner
Fashion & Retail · Cosmetics
$6.7B
Food & Beverage · Beer
$6.5B
Healthcare · Hospitals
$6.3B
#696Alex Behring
Finance & Investments · Investments
$5.9B
Diversified · Banking, minerals
$5.0B
Source: Forbes real-time billionaires (via the rtb-api project). Net worth as of the latest monthly snapshot.
🏆 National Teams
Brazil on the international stage. Select a card for the full record.
Olympics
Brazil
Games 22
Medals 171
All-time #30
Best #12
41 golds
Men's FootballCOMNEBOL
Brazil
FIFA #6
Elo #6
WC apps 23
Major trophies 18
5 World Cups
Volleyball
Brazil
All-time #2
Oly medals 6
Worlds golds 3
Worlds medals 7
Elo rank #3
3 Olympic golds
Basketball
Brazil
Elo rank #8
WC titles 2
Oly medals 3
WC apps 18
No Olympic golds
Women's Football
Brazil
FIFA #7
Elo #7
WWC apps 9
Best Runner-up
No World Cups
Baseball
Brazil
Elo rank #22
WBC apps 2
Record 0-7
Best First round
No WBC titles
Rugby Union
Brazil
Elo rank #47
No World Cups
Elo-ranked; no team page yet
CricketAssociate
Brazil
Matches 24
National Teams Champions
Every major championship won by Brazil's national teams, newest first. 26 in total.