Italy

EuropeCapital city: RomeCapital metro: RomeMost important metro: MilanPrime Minister: Giorgia Meloni
2026 population
58.9M
Rank #25 globally
Area
301k km² (116k sq mi)
Metros tracked
84
95% of population in metros
Composite score
368.1
Rank #7 globally

population: Monthly national estimate (31 May 2026) · indicators as of 2026-09-05 · 84 metros tracked

🗺️ Geography84 metros

Italy metro footprint, shaded by composite tier.

Loading map…
84 polygons

Hover for rank, click to open the metro page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.

🏙️ 84 tracked metros
84 metros
#21Milan▲ Largest
66.5
#45Rome★ Capital
49.5
Show all 84 rows
🗂️ Regions

20 entries listed under Italy. Click any to see its metros and footprint.

20 total
📋 At a glance
Official language
Italian
Currency
Euro (€)
Government
Parliamentary republic
Legislature
Italian Parliament
Demonym
Italian
Time zone
UTC+01:00
Driving side
Right
Calling code
+39
Internet TLD
.it
ISO 3166
IT
Established
476
Highest point
Mont Blanc (4,806 m (15,768 ft))
National anthem
Il Canto degli Italiani

Facts via Wikidata.

📰 In the news4 stories
Every story in the latest digest →
💹 Economy and developmentHigh income
Human Dev. Index
#28 / 191
0.915
UNDP · 2023
GDP
#9 / 193
$2.55T
World Bank · 2025
GDP per capita
#28 / 193
$43.3k
World Bank · 2025
GDP/capita (PPP)
#30 / 190
$62.8k
World Bank · 2025
GNI/capita (Atlas)
#26 / 192
$42.1k
World Bank · 2025
Life expectancy
#9 / 194
84.0 yrs
World Bank · 2024
Median age
47.5 yrs
UN WPP · 2023
Urban population
#76 / 194
70%
World Bank · 2025
Pop. growth
-0.1%
World Bank · 2025
Pop. density
#51 / 193
199/km²
World Bank · 2023
Foreign-born
#56 / 193
11.0%
World Bank · 2024
Rule of law
#40 / 175
0.86
V-Dem · 2025
Gini index
#77 / 166
34.3
World Bank · 2023
Internet users
#62 / 193
89%
World Bank · 2024
Inflation
#49 / 185
1.5%
World Bank · 2025
CO₂ per capita
#140 / 192
5.1 t
Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Renewable electricity
#69 / 186
49%
Ember · 2025

Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN WPP, V-Dem, Global Carbon Budget, Ember, Energy Institute; CC BY 4.0). Each card credits its originating body. Renewable share is of electricity generation, not of primary energy. Each figure is the most recent year available.

Alliances & Organisations6 full memberships

Security

Political & Economic

Full memberDashed border = Candidate / ApplicantItalic = Dialogue / Observer

🏛️ Leadership History103 leaders · click to expand

marks a leader associated with atrocities or defiance of law, systemic subversion of democratic institutions, or a criminal conviction. Convictions arising from political persecution, and annulled convictions, are excluded. denotes a monarch. These are editorial designations, applied per entry rather than derived automatically.

Other

Giorgia Meloni✦ Current

2022Present

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3y 8mFdI

Mario Draghi

20212022

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 8mIndependent/technocrat

Giuseppe Conte

20182021

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 8mM5S/Lega

Paolo Gentiloni

20162018

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 5mPD

Matteo Renzi

20142016

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 9mPD

Enrico Letta

20132014

Prime Minister

Tenure: 11mPD

Mario Monti

20112013

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 3mIndependent/technocrat

⚠️ Silvio Berlusconi

20082011

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3y 6mForza Italia

Romano Prodi

20062008

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 11mUlivo

⚠️ Silvio Berlusconi

20012006

Prime Minister

Tenure: 4y 11mForza Italia

Giuliano Amato

20002001

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 1mPSI

Massimo D'Alema

19982000

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 6mDS
Show all 91 leaders

Romano Prodi

19961998

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 9mUlivo

Lamberto Dini

19951996

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1yIndependent

⚠️ Silvio Berlusconi

19941995

Prime Minister

Tenure: 8mForza Italia

Carlo Azeglio Ciampi

19931994

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1yIndependent

Giuliano Amato

19921993

Prime Minister

Tenure: 10mPSI

Giulio Andreotti

19891992

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 9mDC

Ciriaco De Mita

19881989

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 3mDC

Giovanni Goria

19871988

Prime Minister

Tenure: 8mDC

Amintore Fanfani

19871988

Prime Minister

Tenure: 8mDC

⚠️ Bettino Craxi

19831987

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3y 11mPSI

Amintore Fanfani

19821983

Prime Minister

Tenure: 8mDC

Giovanni Spadolini

19811982

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 5mPRI

Arnaldo Forlani

19801981

Prime Minister

Tenure: 8mDC

Francesco Cossiga

19791981

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 1mDC

Giulio Andreotti

19761979

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3yDC

Aldo Moro

19741976

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 3mDC

Mariano Rumor

19721974

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 8mDC

Giulio Andreotti

19721972

Prime Minister

Tenure: 4mDC

Emilio Colombo

19701972

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 6mDC

Mariano Rumor

19681970

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 7mDC

Giovanni Leone

19681968

Prime Minister

Tenure: 5mDC

Aldo Moro

19631968

Prime Minister

Tenure: 4y 6mDC

Giovanni Leone

19631963

Prime Minister

Tenure: 5mDC

Amintore Fanfani

19621963

Prime Minister

Tenure: 6mDC

Giovanni Leone

19621962

Prime Minister

Tenure: 9mDC

Amintore Fanfani

19601962

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 7mDC

Fernando Tambroni

19601960

Prime Minister

Tenure: 4mDC

Antonio Segni

19591960

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 1mDC

Amintore Fanfani

19581959

Prime Minister

Tenure: 7mDC

Adone Zoli

19571958

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 1mDC

Antonio Segni

19551957

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 10mDC

Mario Scelba

19541955

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 4mDC

Amintore Fanfani

19541954

Prime Minister

Tenure: 22dDC

Giuseppe Pella

19531954

Prime Minister

Tenure: 5mDC

Alcide De Gasperi

19451953

Prime Minister

Tenure: 7y 8mDC

Ferruccio Parri

19451945

Prime Minister

Tenure: 5mAction Party

Ivanoe Bonomi

19441945

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1yCoalition

⚠️ Pietro Badoglio

19431944

Prime Minister

Tenure: 10mNon-partisan

⚠️ Benito Mussolini

19221943

Prime Minister

Tenure: 20y 9mNational Fascist

Luigi Facta

19221922

Prime Minister

Tenure: 8mLiberal

Ivanoe Bonomi

19211922

Prime Minister

Tenure: 7mSocialist

Giovanni Giolitti

19201921

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1yLiberal

Francesco Saverio Nitti

19191920

Prime Minister

Tenure: 11mLiberal

Vittorio Emanuele Orlando

19171919

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 7mLiberal

Paolo Boselli

19161917

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 4mLiberal

Antonio Salandra

19141916

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 3mLiberal

Giovanni Giolitti

19101914

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3y 9mLiberal

Luigi Luzzatti

19091910

Prime Minister

Tenure: 5mLiberal

Sidney Sonnino

19091909

Prime Minister

Tenure: 9mLiberal

Giovanni Giolitti

19061909

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 9mLiberal

Sidney Sonnino

19061906

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3mLiberal

Alessandro Fortis

19051906

Prime Minister

Tenure: 10mLiberal

Giovanni Giolitti

19031905

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 4mLiberal

Giuseppe Zanardelli

19011903

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 8mLiberal

Giuseppe Saracco

19001901

Prime Minister

Tenure: 7mHistorical Left

Luigi Pelloux

18981900

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 12mLiberal

Antonio Starabba di Rudini

18961898

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 3mHistorical Right

Francesco Crispi

18931896

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 2mHistorical Left

Giovanni Giolitti

18921893

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 3mLiberal

Antonio Starabba di Rudini

18911892

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 7mHistorical Right

Francesco Crispi

18871891

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3y 6mHistorical Left

Agostino Depretis

18811887

Prime Minister

Tenure: 6yHistorical Left

Benedetto Cairoli

18811881

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1mHistorical Left

Agostino Depretis

18791881

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 2mHistorical Left

Benedetto Cairoli

18781879

Prime Minister

Tenure: 7mHistorical Left

Agostino Depretis

18781878

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1mHistorical Left

Benedetto Cairoli

18771878

Prime Minister

Tenure: 10mHistorical Left

Agostino Depretis

18761877

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1yHistorical Left

Marco Minghetti

18731876

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 8mLiberal

Giovanni Lanza

18691873

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3y 6mLiberal

Luigi Federico Menabrea

18671869

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 1mLiberal

Urbano Rattazzi

18671867

Prime Minister

Tenure: 6mLiberal

Bettino Ricasoli

18661867

Prime Minister

Tenure: 9mLiberal

Alfonso La Marmora

18641866

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 8mLiberal

Marco Minghetti

18631864

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 6mLiberal

Luigi Carlo Farini

18621863

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3mLiberal

Urbano Rattazzi

18621862

Prime Minister

Tenure: 9mLiberal

Bettino Ricasoli

18611862

Prime Minister

Tenure: 8mLiberal

Camillo di Cavour

18611861

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2mLiberal

Kingdom of Italy

👑 Umberto II

19461946

King of Italy

Tenure: 1m 9d

👑 Victor Emmanuel III

19001946

King of Italy

Tenure: 45y 9m 10d

👑 Umberto I

18781900

King of Italy

Tenure: 22y 6m 20d

👑 Victor Emmanuel II

18611878

King of Italy

Tenure: 16y 9m 23d

Kingdom of Sardinia

👑 Victor Emmanuel II

18491861

King of Sardinia

Tenure: 11y 11m 22d

👑 Charles Albert

18311849

King of Sardinia

Tenure: 17y 10m 24d

👑 Charles Felix

18211831

King of Sardinia

Tenure: 10y 1m 14d

👑 Victor Emmanuel I

18021821

King of Sardinia

Tenure: 18y 9m 9d

👑 Charles Emmanuel IV

17961802

King of Sardinia

Tenure: 5y 7m 19d

👑 Victor Amadeus III

17731796

King of Sardinia

Tenure: 23y 7m 26d

👑 Charles Emmanuel III

17301773

King of Sardinia

Tenure: 42y 5m 17d

👑 Victor Amadeus II

17201730

King of Sardinia

Tenure: 10y 15d
📈 Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
Today
Middle Power#6 · 3.0%
Latent vs recognised
Punches above its mass: standing beats material weight
3%5%8%10%1800190019502000
Power (headline share)Latent (material mass)Recognised (standing)
Italy · share of world power, 1708–2026

The powerline is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.

⚔️ Conflicts since 194544 interstate wars · click to expand
European Union,EUTM Somalia,United Nations UNPOS (1995–2013),United Nations UNSOM (2013–2024),United Nations UNTMIS (2025–present),United Nations UNSOA (2009–2016),United Nations UNSOS (2016–present),Independent regional forces,Puntland,Jubaland,Al-Qaeda and allies,Al-Shabaab
Combat deaths:
Persian Gulf War1990–1991
Combat deaths:
Italian Social Republic,Nazi Germany
Combat deaths:
Combat deaths:
National faction,Falange,Carlists (1936–1937),CEDA (1936–1937),Alfonsists (1936–1937),Army of Africa
Combat deaths:
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Combat deaths:
Senussi Campaign1915–1917
Senussi,Ottoman Empire,Darfur Emirate
Combat deaths:
Show all 44 wars
Combat deaths:
Combat deaths:
Combat deaths:
Mahdist War1881–1899
Combat deaths:
Crimean War1853–1856
Russian Empire,Bulgarian volunteers,Principality of Mingrelia (vassal),Kurdish rebels,Greece Kingdom of Greece (until 1854)
Combat deaths:
Kingdom of Sicily,Provisional Government of Milan,Republic of San Marco,Roman Republic,Central Italy Rebels,Kingdom of Sardinia
Combat deaths:
Kingdom of Sicily,Congress Poland
Combat deaths:
France,Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic),Duchy of Warsaw,Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Naples,Until January 1814,Denmark–Norway,Swiss Confederation,Confederation of the Rhine,(Many member states defected after Battle of Leipzig)
Combat deaths:
France,Duchy of Warsaw,Confederation of the Rhine
Combat deaths:
Combat deaths:
Morean War1684–1699
Combat deaths:
Ottoman Empire,Barbary States
Combat deaths:
Bündner Wirren1618–1639
Holy Roman Empire
Combat deaths:
Uskok War1615–1618
Combat deaths:
Ottoman Empire,France (until 1538),Regency of Algiers Regency of Algiers
Combat deaths:
Spanish Empire Spain,Holy Roman Empire,Republic of Genoa
Combat deaths:
Spanish Empire Spain,Holy Roman Empire,Kingdom of England,Papal States
Combat deaths:
Venice,Papal States,Spain,Holy Roman Empire,England,Swiss mercenaries,Duchy of Milan
Combat deaths:

Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.”

👥 Population over time
Population 2023
59.5m
#25 in the world
Since 1800
3.13×
from 19.0m
Past its peak
−1.9%
peaked at 60.7m in 2014
Share of world
0.73%
1.9% in 1800
15.2m30.3m45.5m60.7m18001850190019502000
Italy · people, 1800–2023 · dashed to 2026 is projected

Our World in Data population (CC BY): UN WPP 2024 from 1950, Gapminder v7 1800-1949, HYDE 3.3 earlier; today's borders. Figures above are as of 2023, the last year that is estimated rather than forecast. The dashed tail to 2026 is a UN WPP medium-variant projection. It is drawn because the line should reach the present, and drawn differently because it has not happened yet: no rank, peak or share on this page uses it. Before 1950 the series is reconstruction rather than contemporaneous statistics, which is worth knowing when a country’s peak sits back there. The current population shown elsewhere on this page comes from the workbook and is unchanged by this. Italy is past its peak, which is less unusual than it sounds: the two lines here can point in opposite directions, and for most of Europe and East Asia they now both point down.

👥 To 2100

The UN’s probabilistic projection for Italy: the median with its 80% and 95% bands, the UN’s own high, low and zero-migration scenarios beside it. Not this site’s model; the site reads it and says what it implies.

Peak
2014
60.7m; already passed
2050
51.9m
95% band 46.6m to 57.4m
2100
35.4m
95% band 22.9m to 53.2m
2100 against 2025
0.60×
median falling from 2024
Deaths outnumber births
since 2007
on the UN medium path; migration decides the rest
15.9m31.8m47.8m63.7m1950197520002025205020752100

Tap or drag across the chart to read any year: the estimate to 2023, then the UN median, its bands and the scenarios.

estimateUN median80% and 95% bandshigh and low fertilityzero migration

What drives it

Births, deaths and net migration on the UN medium path, with fertility, life expectancy and median age, every decade from 1950.

1950
913k born · 452k died · -28k net migration
TFR 2.52 · life expectancy 65.7 · median age 27.5
1960
904k born · 480k died · -141k net migration
TFR 2.38 · life expectancy 69.2 · median age 30.5
1970
900k born · 522k died · -62k net migration
TFR 2.40 · life expectancy 71.6 · median age 31.9
1980
640k born · 551k died · +296k net migration
TFR 1.65 · life expectancy 74.1 · median age 33.0
1990
570k born · 545k died · +35k net migration
TFR 1.33 · life expectancy 77.0 · median age 36.1
2000
541k born · 558k died · +56k net migration
TFR 1.25 · life expectancy 79.6 · median age 39.2
2010
562k born · 583k died · +274k net migration
TFR 1.44 · life expectancy 82.1 · median age 42.5
2020
408k born · 750k died · +85k net migration
TFR 1.24 · life expectancy 82.2 · median age 46.4
Show all 16 decades
2030
374k born · 681k died · +44k net migration
TFR 1.25 · life expectancy 84.7 · median age 50.0
2040
382k born · 719k died · +48k net migration
TFR 1.30 · life expectancy 86.0 · median age 52.0
2050
342k born · 774k died · +43k net migration
TFR 1.35 · life expectancy 87.2 · median age 52.9
2060
304k born · 804k died · +43k net migration
TFR 1.39 · life expectancy 88.4 · median age 53.0
2070
301k born · 710k died · +33k net migration
TFR 1.42 · life expectancy 89.5 · median age 53.5
2080
284k born · 588k died · +39k net migration
TFR 1.43 · life expectancy 90.6 · median age 53.0
2090
259k born · 531k died · +33k net migration
TFR 1.46 · life expectancy 91.7 · median age 52.9
2100
249k born · 513k died · +25k net migration
TFR 1.48 · life expectancy 92.8 · median age 53.4

Every country to 2100 →

Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2024. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Estimates to 2023; projections 2024 to 2100, medium variant and probabilistic intervals. The UN revises every two years; this is the WPP 2024 revision.

💰 Billionaires84 · $482.7B combined · click to expand
Finance & InvestmentsCryptocurrency
Food & BeverageNutella, chocolates
Finance & InvestmentsFinancial software
Finance & InvestmentsCryptocurrency
Construction & EngineeringCement, diversified
AutomotiveAutomobiles
Metals & MiningPipe Manufacturing
Metals & MiningPipe Manufacturing
Fashion & RetailCoffee makers
Fashion & RetailEyeglasses
Fashion & RetailEyeglasses
Show all 84 rows
Fashion & RetailEyeglasses
Fashion & RetailEyeglasses
Fashion & RetailEyeglasses
Fashion & RetailEyeglasses
Fashion & RetailEyeglasses
Fashion & RetailEyeglasses
HealthcareMedical packaging
Fashion & RetailFashion
Fashion & RetailLuxury goods
Fashion & RetailLuxury goods
Fashion & RetailFashion retail, investments
Fashion & RetailFashion retail, investments
Fashion & RetailFashion
ManufacturingMicrochip testing
ManufacturingMicrochip testing
Food & BeverageCandy
Finance & InvestmentsFinancial services
Media & EntertainmentMedia
Media & EntertainmentMedia
ManufacturingPackaging
Finance & InvestmentsFinancial services
Finance & InvestmentsFinancial services
TechnologySoftware investment
DiversifiedUtilities, diversified
Fashion & RetailWinter jackets
Food & BeverageCandy
TechnologySoftware investment
TechnologySoftware investment
Construction & EngineeringEngineering
TechnologySoftware investment
ManufacturingMicrochip testing
HealthcareBiotech
Food & BeverageSpirits
AutomotiveAutomotive brakes
Finance & InvestmentsFIAT, investments
ManufacturingMicrochip testing
Fashion & RetailLuxury goods
Fashion & RetailLuxury goods
Fashion & RetailLuxury goods
Fashion & RetailFashion retail, investments
Food & BeverageSpirits
Media & EntertainmentMedia
Media & EntertainmentMedia
Media & EntertainmentMedia
Fashion & RetailLuxury goods
Fashion & RetailLuxury goods
Fashion & RetailLuxury goods
Fashion & RetailFashion
ManufacturingGym equipment
Fashion & RetailFashion retail, investments
EnergyOil refinery
Fashion & RetailLuxury goods
Metals & MiningSteel
Fashion & RetailShoes
Fashion & RetailShoes
Fashion & RetailShoes
EnergyInfrastructure, energy
Finance & InvestmentsArt
Finance & InvestmentsArt
Finance & InvestmentsArt
DiversifiedReal estate, diversified
ManufacturingHearing aids
Construction & EngineeringChemical products
Food & BeverageSupermarkets
Food & BeverageSupermarkets
TechnologyOnline universities
Construction & EngineeringChemical products
Construction & EngineeringChemical products
Fashion & RetailShoes
Fashion & Retailfashion retail, investments

Source: Forbes real-time billionaires (via the rtb-api project). Net worth as of the latest monthly snapshot.

🏆 National Teams

Italy on the international stage. Click a card for the full record.

National Teams Champions

Every major championship won by Italy's national teams, newest first. 11 in total.

2025· 2025-09-28
2022· 2022-09-11
2021· 2021-07-11
2006· 2006-07-09
1998· 1998-11-29
1994· 1994-10-08
1990· 1990-10-28
1982· 1982-07-11
1968· 1968-06-10
1938· 1938-06-19
1934· 1934-06-10
🏟️ League Hubs

Domestic league portals that operate in Italy: 4 leagues.