Turkey
population: Official estimate (31 Dec 2025) · indicators as of 2026-09-05 · 57 metros tracked
🗺️ Geography57 metros
Turkey metro footprint, shaded by composite tier.
Hover for rank, click to open the metro page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.
🏙️ 57 tracked metros
Show all 57 rows
🗂️ Provinces
81 entries listed under Turkey. Click any to see its metros and footprint.
📋 At a glance
- Official language
- Turkish
- Currency
- Turkish lira (₺)
- Government
- Unitary state
- Legislature
- Grand National Assembly of Turkey
- Constitution
- 1982, 14 amendment events since
- Demonym
- Turkish
- Time zone
- UTC+03:00
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +36, +90
- Internet TLD
- .tr
- ISO 3166
- TR
- Established
- 1923
- Highest point
- Mount Ararat (5,137 m (16,854 ft))
- National anthem
- İstiklâl Marşı
Facts via Wikidata.
📰 In the news4 stories
The Washington Post · 17 Aug 2026
Trump took a secret flight from Turkey amid an Iranian threatFurther reading from the day's section on Gaza talks, the Iran war and conflicts from Romania to Sudan.
Puck · 4 Jul 2026
"NATO summit-goers ask: why are we putting ourselves through this?"NATO's summit convenes in Ankara amid pressure to stop holding it every year, which Julia Ioffe calls an annual display of Trump-induced disunity.
The Athletic · 27 Jun 2026
USMNT falls to Turkey, wins the groupThe USMNT lost 3-2 to Turkey on a 98th-minute winner but still won Group D, with Pulisic back and Berhalter scoring a golazo.
The Athletic · 26 Jun 2026
Bosnia almost certain to face USMNTThe USMNT won their World Cup group for the first time since 1930 and will rest starters ahead of a likely Bosnia tie in San Francisco.
💹 Economy and developmentUpper middle income
Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN WPP, V-Dem, Global Carbon Budget, Ember, Energy Institute; CC BY 4.0). Each card credits its originating body. Renewable share is of electricity generation, not of primary energy. Each figure is the most recent year available.
Alliances & Organisations5 full memberships
Security
Political & Economic
Subregional
Full memberDashed border = Candidate / ApplicantItalic = Dialogue / Observer
🏛️ Leadership History81 leaders · click to expand
marks a leader associated with atrocities or defiance of law, systemic subversion of democratic institutions, or a criminal conviction. Convictions arising from political persecution, and annulled convictions, are excluded. denotes a monarch. These are editorial designations, applied per entry rather than derived automatically.
Other
Binali Yıldırım
2016–2018Prime Minister
Ahmet Davutoğlu
2014–2016Prime Minister
⚠️ Recep Tayyip Erdoğan✦ Current
2014–PresentPresident
Abdullah Gül
2007–2014President
⚠️ Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
2003–2014Prime Minister
Abdullah Gül
2002–2003Prime Minister
Ahmet Necdet Sezer
2000–2007President
Bülent Ecevit
1999–2002Prime Minister
Mesut Yılmaz
1997–1999Prime Minister
Necmettin Erbakan
1996–1997Prime Minister
Mesut Yılmaz
1996–1996Prime Minister
Tansu Çiller
1993–1996Prime Minister
Show all 42 leaders
Süleyman Demirel
1993–2000President
Süleyman Demirel
1991–1993Prime Minister
Mesut Yılmaz
1991–1991Prime Minister
Yıldırım Akbulut
1989–1991Prime Minister
Turgut Özal
1989–1993President
Turgut Özal
1983–1989Prime Minister
⚠️ Kenan Evren
1982–1989President
Bülent Ulusu
1980–1983Prime Minister (Military era)
⚠️ Kenan Evren
1980–1989President (Military Junta)
Süleyman Demirel
1979–1980Prime Minister
Bülent Ecevit
1978–1979Prime Minister
Süleyman Demirel
1977–1978Prime Minister
Bülent Ecevit
1977–1977Prime Minister
Süleyman Demirel
1975–1977Prime Minister
Sadi Irmak
1974–1975Prime Minister
Bülent Ecevit
1974–1974Prime Minister
Naim Talu
1973–1974Prime Minister
Fahri Korutürk
1973–1980President
Ferit Melen
1972–1973Prime Minister
Nihat Erim
1971–1972Prime Minister
Cevdet Sunay
1966–1973President
Süleyman Demirel
1965–1971Prime Minister
Suat Hayri Ürgüplü
1965–1965Prime Minister (Caretaker)
İsmet İnönü
1961–1965Prime Minister
Cemal Gürsel
1960–1961Prime Minister (Military Junta)
Cemal Gürsel
1960–1966President
Adnan Menderes
1950–1960Prime Minister
Celal Bayar
1950–1960President
İsmet İnönü
1938–1950President
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
1923–1938President
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Binali Yıldırım | Prime Minister | 2016–2018 |
| Ahmet Davutoğlu | Prime Minister | 2014–2016 |
| ⚠️ Recep Tayyip Erdoğan✦ Current | President | 2014–Present |
| Abdullah Gül | President | 2007–2014 |
| ⚠️ Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Prime Minister | 2003–2014 |
| Abdullah Gül | Prime Minister | 2002–2003 |
| Ahmet Necdet Sezer | President | 2000–2007 |
| Bülent Ecevit | Prime Minister | 1999–2002 |
| Mesut Yılmaz | Prime Minister | 1997–1999 |
| Necmettin Erbakan | Prime Minister | 1996–1997 |
| Mesut Yılmaz | Prime Minister | 1996–1996 |
| Tansu Çiller | Prime Minister | 1993–1996 |
| Süleyman Demirel | President | 1993–2000 |
| Süleyman Demirel | Prime Minister | 1991–1993 |
| Mesut Yılmaz | Prime Minister | 1991–1991 |
| Yıldırım Akbulut | Prime Minister | 1989–1991 |
| Turgut Özal | President | 1989–1993 |
| Turgut Özal | Prime Minister | 1983–1989 |
| ⚠️ Kenan Evren | President | 1982–1989 |
| Bülent Ulusu | Prime Minister (Military era) | 1980–1983 |
| ⚠️ Kenan Evren | President (Military Junta) | 1980–1989 |
| Süleyman Demirel | Prime Minister | 1979–1980 |
| Bülent Ecevit | Prime Minister | 1978–1979 |
| Süleyman Demirel | Prime Minister | 1977–1978 |
| Bülent Ecevit | Prime Minister | 1977–1977 |
| Süleyman Demirel | Prime Minister | 1975–1977 |
| Sadi Irmak | Prime Minister | 1974–1975 |
| Bülent Ecevit | Prime Minister | 1974–1974 |
| Naim Talu | Prime Minister | 1973–1974 |
| Fahri Korutürk | President | 1973–1980 |
| Ferit Melen | Prime Minister | 1972–1973 |
| Nihat Erim | Prime Minister | 1971–1972 |
| Cevdet Sunay | President | 1966–1973 |
| Süleyman Demirel | Prime Minister | 1965–1971 |
| Suat Hayri Ürgüplü | Prime Minister (Caretaker) | 1965–1965 |
| İsmet İnönü | Prime Minister | 1961–1965 |
| Cemal Gürsel | Prime Minister (Military Junta) | 1960–1961 |
| Cemal Gürsel | President | 1960–1966 |
| Adnan Menderes | Prime Minister | 1950–1960 |
| Celal Bayar | President | 1950–1960 |
| İsmet İnönü | President | 1938–1950 |
| Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | President | 1923–1938 |
Ottoman Empire
👑 Mehmed VI
1918–1922Sultan
👑 Mehmed V
1909–1918Sultan
👑 Abdul Hamid II
1876–1909Sultan
👑 Murad V
1876–1876Sultan
👑 Abdulaziz
1861–1876Sultan
👑 Abdulmejid I
1839–1861Sultan
👑 Mahmud II
1808–1839Sultan
👑 Mustafa IV
1807–1808Sultan
👑 Selim III
1789–1807Sultan
👑 Abdul Hamid I
1774–1789Sultan
👑 Mustafa III
1757–1774Sultan
👑 Osman III
1754–1757Sultan
Show all 39 leaders
👑 Mahmud I
1730–1754Sultan
👑 Ahmed III
1703–1730Sultan
👑 Mustafa II
1695–1703Sultan
👑 Ahmed II
1691–1695Sultan
👑 Suleiman II
1687–1691Sultan
👑 Mehmed IV
1648–1687Sultan
👑 Ibrahim
1640–1648Sultan
👑 Murad IV
1623–1640Sultan
👑 Mustafa I
1622–1623Sultan
👑 Osman II
1618–1622Sultan
👑 Mustafa I
1617–1618Sultan
👑 Ahmed I
1603–1617Sultan
👑 Mehmed III
1595–1603Sultan
👑 Murad III
1574–1595Sultan
👑 Selim II
1566–1574Sultan
👑 Suleiman I
1520–1566Sultan
👑 Selim I
1512–1520Sultan
👑 Bayezid II
1481–1512Sultan
👑 Mehmed II
1451–1481Sultan
👑 Murad II
1446–1451Sultan
👑 Mehmed II
1444–1446Sultan
👑 Murad II
1421–1444Sultan
👑 Mehmed I
1413–1421Sultan
👑 Bayezid I
1389–1402Sultan
👑 Murad I
1362–1389Sultan
👑 Orhan
1323–1362Sultan
👑 Osman I
1299–1323Sultan
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Mehmed VI | Sultan | 1918–1922 |
| 👑 Mehmed V | Sultan | 1909–1918 |
| 👑 Abdul Hamid II | Sultan | 1876–1909 |
| 👑 Murad V | Sultan | 1876–1876 |
| 👑 Abdulaziz | Sultan | 1861–1876 |
| 👑 Abdulmejid I | Sultan | 1839–1861 |
| 👑 Mahmud II | Sultan | 1808–1839 |
| 👑 Mustafa IV | Sultan | 1807–1808 |
| 👑 Selim III | Sultan | 1789–1807 |
| 👑 Abdul Hamid I | Sultan | 1774–1789 |
| 👑 Mustafa III | Sultan | 1757–1774 |
| 👑 Osman III | Sultan | 1754–1757 |
| 👑 Mahmud I | Sultan | 1730–1754 |
| 👑 Ahmed III | Sultan | 1703–1730 |
| 👑 Mustafa II | Sultan | 1695–1703 |
| 👑 Ahmed II | Sultan | 1691–1695 |
| 👑 Suleiman II | Sultan | 1687–1691 |
| 👑 Mehmed IV | Sultan | 1648–1687 |
| 👑 Ibrahim | Sultan | 1640–1648 |
| 👑 Murad IV | Sultan | 1623–1640 |
| 👑 Mustafa I | Sultan | 1622–1623 |
| 👑 Osman II | Sultan | 1618–1622 |
| 👑 Mustafa I | Sultan | 1617–1618 |
| 👑 Ahmed I | Sultan | 1603–1617 |
| 👑 Mehmed III | Sultan | 1595–1603 |
| 👑 Murad III | Sultan | 1574–1595 |
| 👑 Selim II | Sultan | 1566–1574 |
| 👑 Suleiman I | Sultan | 1520–1566 |
| 👑 Selim I | Sultan | 1512–1520 |
| 👑 Bayezid II | Sultan | 1481–1512 |
| 👑 Mehmed II | Sultan | 1451–1481 |
| 👑 Murad II | Sultan | 1446–1451 |
| 👑 Mehmed II | Sultan | 1444–1446 |
| 👑 Murad II | Sultan | 1421–1444 |
| 👑 Mehmed I | Sultan | 1413–1421 |
| 👑 Bayezid I | Sultan | 1389–1402 |
| 👑 Murad I | Sultan | 1362–1389 |
| 👑 Orhan | Sultan | 1323–1362 |
| 👑 Osman I | Sultan | 1299–1323 |
📈 Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
The powerline is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.
⚔️ Conflicts since 194577 interstate wars · click to expand
Show all 77 wars
Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.”
👥 Population over time
Our World in Data population (CC BY): UN WPP 2024 from 1950, Gapminder v7 1800-1949, HYDE 3.3 earlier; today's borders. Figures above are as of 2023, the last year that is estimated rather than forecast. The dashed tail to 2026 is a UN WPP medium-variant projection. It is drawn because the line should reach the present, and drawn differently because it has not happened yet: no rank, peak or share on this page uses it. Before 1950 the series is reconstruction rather than contemporaneous statistics, which is worth knowing when a country’s peak sits back there. The current population shown elsewhere on this page comes from the workbook and is unchanged by this. Note that people and share of world can move in opposite directions. A country can grow steadily and still become a smaller part of humanity, which is what happened to almost every rich country after 1960.
👥 To 2100
The UN’s probabilistic projection for Turkey: the median with its 80% and 95% bands, the UN’s own high, low and zero-migration scenarios beside it. Not this site’s model; the site reads it and says what it implies.
Tap or drag across the chart to read any year: the estimate to 2023, then the UN median, its bands and the scenarios.
What drives it
Births, deaths and net migration on the UN medium path, with fertility, life expectancy and median age, every decade from 1950.
Show all 16 decades
Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2024. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Estimates to 2023; projections 2024 to 2100, medium variant and probabilistic intervals. The UN revises every two years; this is the WPP 2024 revision.
💰 Billionaires30 · $77.3B combined · click to expand
Show all 30 rows
| # | Name | Net worth | Industry |
|---|---|---|---|
| 288 | Hamdi Ulukaya | $11.7B | Food & Beverage |
| 814 | Murat Ulker(inherited) | $5.2B | Food & Beverage |
| 927 | Saban Cemil Kazanci(inherited) | $4.6B | Energy |
| 1007 | Feridun Gecgel | $4.3B | Diversified |
| 1172 | Erman Ilicak | $3.7B | Construction & Engineering |
| 1453 | Ferit Faik Sahenk(inherited) | $2.9B | Diversified |
| 1514 | Semahat Sevim Arsel(inherited) | $2.8B | Diversified |
| 1552 | Hamdi Akin & family | $2.7B | Diversified |
| 1556 | Filiz Sahenk(inherited) | $2.7B | Diversified |
| 1563 | Selçuk Bayraktar(inherited) | $2.7B | Technology |
| 1646 | Ipek Kirac(inherited) | $2.6B | Diversified |
| 1724 | Mustafa Rahmi Koc(inherited) | $2.4B | Diversified |
| 1727 | Haluk Bayraktar(inherited) | $2.4B | Technology |
| 2094 | Mehmet Sinan & Family Tara(inherited) | $2.0B | Construction & Engineering |
| 2147 | Mustafa Kucuk | $2.0B | Fashion & Retail |
| 2155 | Nihat Ozdemir | $2.0B | Diversified |
| 2155 | Sezai Bacaksiz | $2.0B | Diversified |
| 2220 | Mehmet Ali Aydinlar | $1.9B | Healthcare |
| 2272 | Husnu Ozyegin | $1.9B | Finance & Investments |
| 2304 | Sefik Yilmaz Dizdar | $1.8B | Fashion & Retail |
| 2610 | Ahmet Calik | $1.6B | Diversified |
| 2647 | Deniz Sahenk(inherited) | $1.5B | Diversified |
| 2689 | Turgay Ciner | $1.5B | Diversified |
| 2773 | Bulent Eczacibasi(inherited) | $1.4B | Diversified |
| 2919 | Mustafa Latif Topbas | $1.3B | Fashion & Retail |
| 3035 | Ahmed Afif Topbas(inherited) | $1.2B | Fashion & Retail |
| 3043 | Faruk Eczacibasi(inherited) | $1.2B | Diversified |
| 3129 | Kazim Turker | $1.2B | Energy |
| 3307 | Ibrahim Erdemoglu | $1.1B | Manufacturing |
| 3356 | Aydin Dogan | $1.0B | Media & Entertainment |
Source: Forbes real-time billionaires (via the rtb-api project). Net worth as of the latest monthly snapshot.
🏆 National Teams
Turkey on the international stage. Click a card for the full record.