Turkey
At a glance
- Official language
- Turkish
- Currency
- Turkish lira (₺)
- Government
- Unitary state
- Legislature
- Grand National Assembly of Turkey
- Demonym
- Turkish
- Time zone
- UTC+03:00
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +36, +90
- Internet TLD
- .tr
- ISO 3166
- TR
- Established
- 1923
- Highest point
- Mount Ararat (5,137 m (16,854 ft))
- National anthem
- İstiklâl Marşı
Facts via Wikidata.
Economy and developmentUpper middle income
Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN, V-Dem; CC BY 4.0). Each figure is the most recent year available.
Alliances & Organisations4 full memberships
Security
Political & Economic
Full memberDashed border = Candidate / ApplicantItalic = Dialogue / Observer
Leadership History81 leaders · click to expand
Other
Binali Yıldırım
2016–2018Prime Minister
Ahmet Davutoğlu
2014–2016Prime Minister
⚠️ Recep Tayyip Erdoğan✦ Current
2014–PresentPresident
Abdullah Gül
2007–2014President
⚠️ Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
2003–2014Prime Minister
Abdullah Gül
2002–2003Prime Minister
Ahmet Necdet Sezer
2000–2007President
Bülent Ecevit
1999–2002Prime Minister
Mesut Yılmaz
1997–1999Prime Minister
Necmettin Erbakan
1996–1997Prime Minister
Mesut Yılmaz
1996–1996Prime Minister
Tansu Çiller
1993–1996Prime Minister
Süleyman Demirel
1993–2000President
Süleyman Demirel
1991–1993Prime Minister
Mesut Yılmaz
1991–1991Prime Minister
Yıldırım Akbulut
1989–1991Prime Minister
Turgut Özal
1989–1993President
Turgut Özal
1983–1989Prime Minister
⚠️ Kenan Evren
1982–1989President
Bülent Ulusu
1980–1983Prime Minister (Military era)
⚠️ Kenan Evren
1980–1989President (Military Junta)
Süleyman Demirel
1979–1980Prime Minister
Bülent Ecevit
1978–1979Prime Minister
Süleyman Demirel
1977–1978Prime Minister
Bülent Ecevit
1977–1977Prime Minister
Süleyman Demirel
1975–1977Prime Minister
Sadi Irmak
1974–1975Prime Minister
Bülent Ecevit
1974–1974Prime Minister
Naim Talu
1973–1974Prime Minister
Fahri Korutürk
1973–1980President
Ferit Melen
1972–1973Prime Minister
Nihat Erim
1971–1972Prime Minister
Cevdet Sunay
1966–1973President
Süleyman Demirel
1965–1971Prime Minister
Suat Hayri Ürgüplü
1965–1965Prime Minister (Caretaker)
İsmet İnönü
1961–1965Prime Minister
Cemal Gürsel
1960–1961Prime Minister (Military Junta)
Cemal Gürsel
1960–1966President
Adnan Menderes
1950–1960Prime Minister
Celal Bayar
1950–1960President
İsmet İnönü
1938–1950President
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
1923–1938President
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Binali Yıldırım | Prime Minister | 2016–2018 |
| Ahmet Davutoğlu | Prime Minister | 2014–2016 |
| ⚠️ Recep Tayyip Erdoğan✦ Current | President | 2014–Present |
| Abdullah Gül | President | 2007–2014 |
| ⚠️ Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Prime Minister | 2003–2014 |
| Abdullah Gül | Prime Minister | 2002–2003 |
| Ahmet Necdet Sezer | President | 2000–2007 |
| Bülent Ecevit | Prime Minister | 1999–2002 |
| Mesut Yılmaz | Prime Minister | 1997–1999 |
| Necmettin Erbakan | Prime Minister | 1996–1997 |
| Mesut Yılmaz | Prime Minister | 1996–1996 |
| Tansu Çiller | Prime Minister | 1993–1996 |
| Süleyman Demirel | President | 1993–2000 |
| Süleyman Demirel | Prime Minister | 1991–1993 |
| Mesut Yılmaz | Prime Minister | 1991–1991 |
| Yıldırım Akbulut | Prime Minister | 1989–1991 |
| Turgut Özal | President | 1989–1993 |
| Turgut Özal | Prime Minister | 1983–1989 |
| ⚠️ Kenan Evren | President | 1982–1989 |
| Bülent Ulusu | Prime Minister (Military era) | 1980–1983 |
| ⚠️ Kenan Evren | President (Military Junta) | 1980–1989 |
| Süleyman Demirel | Prime Minister | 1979–1980 |
| Bülent Ecevit | Prime Minister | 1978–1979 |
| Süleyman Demirel | Prime Minister | 1977–1978 |
| Bülent Ecevit | Prime Minister | 1977–1977 |
| Süleyman Demirel | Prime Minister | 1975–1977 |
| Sadi Irmak | Prime Minister | 1974–1975 |
| Bülent Ecevit | Prime Minister | 1974–1974 |
| Naim Talu | Prime Minister | 1973–1974 |
| Fahri Korutürk | President | 1973–1980 |
| Ferit Melen | Prime Minister | 1972–1973 |
| Nihat Erim | Prime Minister | 1971–1972 |
| Cevdet Sunay | President | 1966–1973 |
| Süleyman Demirel | Prime Minister | 1965–1971 |
| Suat Hayri Ürgüplü | Prime Minister (Caretaker) | 1965–1965 |
| İsmet İnönü | Prime Minister | 1961–1965 |
| Cemal Gürsel | Prime Minister (Military Junta) | 1960–1961 |
| Cemal Gürsel | President | 1960–1966 |
| Adnan Menderes | Prime Minister | 1950–1960 |
| Celal Bayar | President | 1950–1960 |
| İsmet İnönü | President | 1938–1950 |
| Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | President | 1923–1938 |
Ottoman Empire
👑 Mehmed VI
1918–1922Sultan
👑 Mehmed V
1909–1918Sultan
👑 Abdul Hamid II
1876–1909Sultan
👑 Murad V
1876–1876Sultan
👑 Abdulaziz
1861–1876Sultan
👑 Abdulmejid I
1839–1861Sultan
👑 Mahmud II
1808–1839Sultan
👑 Mustafa IV
1807–1808Sultan
👑 Selim III
1789–1807Sultan
👑 Abdul Hamid I
1774–1789Sultan
👑 Mustafa III
1757–1774Sultan
👑 Osman III
1754–1757Sultan
👑 Mahmud I
1730–1754Sultan
👑 Ahmed III
1703–1730Sultan
👑 Mustafa II
1695–1703Sultan
👑 Ahmed II
1691–1695Sultan
👑 Suleiman II
1687–1691Sultan
👑 Mehmed IV
1648–1687Sultan
👑 Ibrahim
1640–1648Sultan
👑 Murad IV
1623–1640Sultan
👑 Mustafa I
1622–1623Sultan
👑 Osman II
1618–1622Sultan
👑 Mustafa I
1617–1618Sultan
👑 Ahmed I
1603–1617Sultan
👑 Mehmed III
1595–1603Sultan
👑 Murad III
1574–1595Sultan
👑 Selim II
1566–1574Sultan
👑 Suleiman I
1520–1566Sultan
👑 Selim I
1512–1520Sultan
👑 Bayezid II
1481–1512Sultan
👑 Mehmed II
1451–1481Sultan
👑 Murad II
1446–1451Sultan
👑 Mehmed II
1444–1446Sultan
👑 Murad II
1421–1444Sultan
👑 Mehmed I
1413–1421Sultan
👑 Bayezid I
1389–1402Sultan
👑 Murad I
1362–1389Sultan
👑 Orhan
1323–1362Sultan
👑 Osman I
1299–1323Sultan
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Mehmed VI | Sultan | 1918–1922 |
| 👑 Mehmed V | Sultan | 1909–1918 |
| 👑 Abdul Hamid II | Sultan | 1876–1909 |
| 👑 Murad V | Sultan | 1876–1876 |
| 👑 Abdulaziz | Sultan | 1861–1876 |
| 👑 Abdulmejid I | Sultan | 1839–1861 |
| 👑 Mahmud II | Sultan | 1808–1839 |
| 👑 Mustafa IV | Sultan | 1807–1808 |
| 👑 Selim III | Sultan | 1789–1807 |
| 👑 Abdul Hamid I | Sultan | 1774–1789 |
| 👑 Mustafa III | Sultan | 1757–1774 |
| 👑 Osman III | Sultan | 1754–1757 |
| 👑 Mahmud I | Sultan | 1730–1754 |
| 👑 Ahmed III | Sultan | 1703–1730 |
| 👑 Mustafa II | Sultan | 1695–1703 |
| 👑 Ahmed II | Sultan | 1691–1695 |
| 👑 Suleiman II | Sultan | 1687–1691 |
| 👑 Mehmed IV | Sultan | 1648–1687 |
| 👑 Ibrahim | Sultan | 1640–1648 |
| 👑 Murad IV | Sultan | 1623–1640 |
| 👑 Mustafa I | Sultan | 1622–1623 |
| 👑 Osman II | Sultan | 1618–1622 |
| 👑 Mustafa I | Sultan | 1617–1618 |
| 👑 Ahmed I | Sultan | 1603–1617 |
| 👑 Mehmed III | Sultan | 1595–1603 |
| 👑 Murad III | Sultan | 1574–1595 |
| 👑 Selim II | Sultan | 1566–1574 |
| 👑 Suleiman I | Sultan | 1520–1566 |
| 👑 Selim I | Sultan | 1512–1520 |
| 👑 Bayezid II | Sultan | 1481–1512 |
| 👑 Mehmed II | Sultan | 1451–1481 |
| 👑 Murad II | Sultan | 1446–1451 |
| 👑 Mehmed II | Sultan | 1444–1446 |
| 👑 Murad II | Sultan | 1421–1444 |
| 👑 Mehmed I | Sultan | 1413–1421 |
| 👑 Bayezid I | Sultan | 1389–1402 |
| 👑 Murad I | Sultan | 1362–1389 |
| 👑 Orhan | Sultan | 1323–1362 |
| 👑 Osman I | Sultan | 1299–1323 |
Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
The powerline is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.
Conflicts since 19452 interstate wars · click to expand
| Conflict | Years | Against | Combat deaths |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turkish invasion of Cyprus | 1974 | Cyprus,Greece | 6,009–9,509 |
| Korean War [ 9 ]● | 1950–1953 | North Korea,China,Soviet Union | 2,568,927–4,096,927 |
Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.”
Billionaires33 · $84.4B combined · click to expand
| # | Name | Net worth | Industry |
|---|---|---|---|
| 232 | Hamdi Ulukaya | $13.1B | Food & Beverage |
| 807 | Murat Ulker(inherited) | $5.3B | Food & Beverage |
| 815 | Saban Cemil Kazanci(inherited) | $5.3B | Energy |
| 1054 | Feridun Gecgel | $4.1B | Diversified |
| 1146 | Erman Ilicak | $3.8B | Construction & Engineering |
| 1390 | Ferit Faik Sahenk(inherited) | $3.1B | Diversified |
| 1480 | Semahat Sevim Arsel(inherited) | $2.8B | Diversified |
| 1483 | Filiz Sahenk(inherited) | $2.8B | Diversified |
| 1555 | Selçuk Bayraktar(inherited) | $2.7B | Technology |
| 1613 | Ipek Kirac(inherited) | $2.6B | Diversified |
| 1666 | Mehmet Sinan & Family Tara(inherited) | $2.5B | Construction & Engineering |
| 1684 | Mustafa Rahmi Koc(inherited) | $2.5B | Diversified |
| 1713 | Haluk Bayraktar(inherited) | $2.4B | Technology |
| 1888 | Hamdi Akin & family | $2.2B | Diversified |
| 1984 | Nihat Ozdemir | $2.1B | Diversified |
| 1984 | Sezai Bacaksiz | $2.1B | Diversified |
| 1986 | Mustafa Kucuk | $2.1B | Fashion & Retail |
| 2093 | Mehmet Ali Aydinlar | $2.0B | Healthcare |
| 2114 | Husnu Ozyegin | $2.0B | Finance & Investments |
| 2152 | Sefik Yilmaz Dizdar | $1.9B | Fashion & Retail |
| 2509 | Deniz Sahenk(inherited) | $1.6B | Diversified |
| 2576 | Ahmet Calik | $1.6B | Diversified |
| 2586 | Bulent Eczacibasi(inherited) | $1.5B | Diversified |
| 2646 | Turgay Ciner | $1.5B | Diversified |
| 2774 | Ibrahim Erdemoglu | $1.4B | Manufacturing |
| 2841 | Faruk Eczacibasi(inherited) | $1.4B | Diversified |
| 2954 | Mustafa Latif Topbas | $1.3B | Fashion & Retail |
| 3005 | Kazim Turker | $1.2B | Energy |
| 3076 | Ahmed Afif Topbas(inherited) | $1.2B | Fashion & Retail |
| 3129 | Mehmet Kazanci(inherited) | $1.2B | Diversified |
| 3224 | Tulay Kazanci(inherited) | $1.1B | Diversified |
| 3312 | Aydin Dogan | $1.0B | Media & Entertainment |
| 3352 | Murat Vargi | $1.0B | Telecom |
Source: Forbes real-time billionaires (via the rtb-api project). Net worth as of the latest monthly snapshot.
National Teams
Turkey on the international stage. Click a card for the full record.
Provinces
81 entries listed under Turkey. Click any to see its metros and footprint.
Turkey metro footprint
57 metrosPolygons shaded by composite tier. Hover for rank, click to open the metro page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.