Iran
At a glance
- Official language
- Persian
- Currency
- Iranian rial (IRR)
- Government
- Islamic theocracy
- Legislature
- Islamic Consultative Assembly
- Demonym
- Iranian
- Time zones
- Iran Standard Time Zone, UTC+03:30
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +98
- Internet TLD
- .ir, ایران.
- ISO 3166
- IR
- Established
- 1979
- Highest point
- Damavand (5,628 m (18,465 ft))
- National anthem
- National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Facts via Wikidata.
Economy and developmentUpper middle income
Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN, V-Dem; CC BY 4.0). Each figure is the most recent year available.
Leadership History42 leaders · click to expand
Other
⚠️ Mojtaba Khamenei✦ Current
2026–PresentSupreme Leader
Masoud Pezeshkian✦ Current
2024–PresentPresident
⚠️ Ebrahim Raisi
2021–2024President
Hassan Rouhani
2013–2021President
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
2005–2013President
Mohammad Khatami
1997–2005President
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
1989–1997President
⚠️ Ali Khamenei
1989–2026Supreme Leader
⚠️ Ali Khamenei
1981–1989President
Mohammad-Ali Rajai
1981–1981President
Abolhassan Banisadr
1980–1981President
⚠️ Ruhollah Khomeini
1979–1989Supreme Leader
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| ⚠️ Mojtaba Khamenei✦ Current | Supreme Leader | 2026–Present |
| Masoud Pezeshkian✦ Current | President | 2024–Present |
| ⚠️ Ebrahim Raisi | President | 2021–2024 |
| Hassan Rouhani | President | 2013–2021 |
| Mahmoud Ahmadinejad | President | 2005–2013 |
| Mohammad Khatami | President | 1997–2005 |
| Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani | President | 1989–1997 |
| ⚠️ Ali Khamenei | Supreme Leader | 1989–2026 |
| ⚠️ Ali Khamenei | President | 1981–1989 |
| Mohammad-Ali Rajai | President | 1981–1981 |
| Abolhassan Banisadr | President | 1980–1981 |
| ⚠️ Ruhollah Khomeini | Supreme Leader | 1979–1989 |
Pahlavi dynasty
👑 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
1941–1979Shah
👑 Reza Shah Pahlavi
1925–1941Shah
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | Shah | 1941–1979 |
| 👑 Reza Shah Pahlavi | Shah | 1925–1941 |
Qajar dynasty
👑 Ahmad Shah Qajar
1909–1925Shah
👑 Mohammad Ali Shah
1907–1909Shah
👑 Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
1896–1907Shah
👑 Naser al-Din Shah
1848–1896Shah
👑 Mohammad Shah
1834–1848Shah
👑 Fath-Ali Shah
1797–1834Shah
👑 Agha Mohammad Khan
1789–1797Shah
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Ahmad Shah Qajar | Shah | 1909–1925 |
| 👑 Mohammad Ali Shah | Shah | 1907–1909 |
| 👑 Mozaffar ad-Din Shah | Shah | 1896–1907 |
| 👑 Naser al-Din Shah | Shah | 1848–1896 |
| 👑 Mohammad Shah | Shah | 1834–1848 |
| 👑 Fath-Ali Shah | Shah | 1797–1834 |
| 👑 Agha Mohammad Khan | Shah | 1789–1797 |
Zand dynasty
👑 Lotf Ali Khan Zand
1789–1789Shah
👑 Jafar Khan Zand
1785–1789Shah
👑 Ali Morad Khan Zand
1781–1785Shah
👑 Sadeq Khan Zand
1779–1781Shah
👑 Abol-Fath Khan Zand
1779–1779Shah
👑 Mohammad Ali Khan Zand
1779–1779Shah
👑 Karim Khan Zand
1751–1779Shah
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Lotf Ali Khan Zand | Shah | 1789–1789 |
| 👑 Jafar Khan Zand | Shah | 1785–1789 |
| 👑 Ali Morad Khan Zand | Shah | 1781–1785 |
| 👑 Sadeq Khan Zand | Shah | 1779–1781 |
| 👑 Abol-Fath Khan Zand | Shah | 1779–1779 |
| 👑 Mohammad Ali Khan Zand | Shah | 1779–1779 |
| 👑 Karim Khan Zand | Shah | 1751–1779 |
Afsharid dynasty
👑 Shahrokh Shah
1748–1789Shah
👑 Adel Shah
1747–1748Shah
👑 Nader Shah
1736–1747Shah
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Shahrokh Shah | Shah | 1748–1789 |
| 👑 Adel Shah | Shah | 1747–1748 |
| 👑 Nader Shah | Shah | 1736–1747 |
Safavid dynasty
👑 Abbas III
1732–1736Shah
👑 Tahmasp II
1722–1732Shah
👑 Sultan Husayn
1694–1722Shah
👑 Suleiman I
1666–1694Shah
👑 Abbas II
1642–1666Shah
👑 Safi I
1629–1642Shah
👑 Abbas I the Great
1587–1629Shah
👑 Mohammad Khodabanda
1578–1587Shah
👑 Ismail II
1576–1578Shah
👑 Tahmasp I
1524–1576Shah
👑 Ismail I
1501–1524Shah
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 👑 Abbas III | Shah | 1732–1736 |
| 👑 Tahmasp II | Shah | 1722–1732 |
| 👑 Sultan Husayn | Shah | 1694–1722 |
| 👑 Suleiman I | Shah | 1666–1694 |
| 👑 Abbas II | Shah | 1642–1666 |
| 👑 Safi I | Shah | 1629–1642 |
| 👑 Abbas I the Great | Shah | 1587–1629 |
| 👑 Mohammad Khodabanda | Shah | 1578–1587 |
| 👑 Ismail II | Shah | 1576–1578 |
| 👑 Tahmasp I | Shah | 1524–1576 |
| 👑 Ismail I | Shah | 1501–1524 |
Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
The powerline is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.
Conflicts since 19455 interstate wars · click to expand
| Conflict | Years | Against | Combat deaths |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iran War | 2026–present | Israel,United States | 3,411–9,114 |
| Twelve-Day War | 2025 | Israel,United States | 1,091–1,226 |
| Iran–Iraq War● | 1980–1988 | Iraq,United States | 405,000–1,200,000 |
| 1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict | 1974–1975 | Iraq | 1,000+ |
| Iran crisis of 1946 | 1945–1946 | — |
Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.”
National Teams
Iran on the international stage. Click a card for the full record.
National Teams Champions
Every major championship won by Iran's national teams, newest first. 3 in total.
| Year | Date | Champion | Competition |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | 1976-06-13 | Iran | AFC Asian Cup |
| 1972 | 1972-05-19 | Iran | AFC Asian Cup |
| 1968 | 1968-05-19 | Iran | AFC Asian Cup |
Provinces
31 entries listed under Iran. Click any to see its metros and footprint.
Iran metro footprint
33 metrosPolygons shaded by composite tier. Hover for rank, click to open the metro page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.