Peru
At a glance
- Official languages
- Spanish, Aymara, Quechua
- Currency
- Nuevo sol (PEN)
- Government
- Presidential system
- Legislature
- Congress of the Republic of Peru
- Demonym
- Peruvian
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +51
- Internet TLD
- .pe
- ISO 3166
- PE
- Established
- 1821
- Highest point
- Huascarán (6,768 m (22,205 ft))
- National anthem
- National Anthem of Peru
Facts via Wikidata.
Economy and developmentUpper middle income
Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN, V-Dem; CC BY 4.0). Each figure is the most recent year available.
Alliances & Organisations3 full memberships
Political & Economic
Full memberDashed border = Candidate / ApplicantItalic = Dialogue / Observer
Leadership History30 leaders · click to expand
Other
Keiko Fujimori✦ Current
2026–PresentPresident
José María Balcázar
2026–2026President
José Jerí
2025–2026President
Dina Boluarte
2022–2025President
⚠️ Pedro Castillo
2021–2022President
Francisco Sagasti
2020–2021President
Manuel Merino
2020–2020President
Martín Vizcarra
2018–2020President
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
2016–2018President
⚠️ Ollanta Humala
2011–2016President
Alan García
2006–2011President
⚠️ Alejandro Toledo
2001–2006President
Valentín Paniagua
2000–2001President
⚠️ Alberto Fujimori
1990–2000President
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Keiko Fujimori✦ Current | President | 2026–Present |
| José María Balcázar | President | 2026–2026 |
| José Jerí | President | 2025–2026 |
| Dina Boluarte | President | 2022–2025 |
| ⚠️ Pedro Castillo | President | 2021–2022 |
| Francisco Sagasti | President | 2020–2021 |
| Manuel Merino | President | 2020–2020 |
| Martín Vizcarra | President | 2018–2020 |
| Pedro Pablo Kuczynski | President | 2016–2018 |
| ⚠️ Ollanta Humala | President | 2011–2016 |
| Alan García | President | 2006–2011 |
| ⚠️ Alejandro Toledo | President | 2001–2006 |
| Valentín Paniagua | President | 2000–2001 |
| ⚠️ Alberto Fujimori | President | 1990–2000 |
Republic of Peru
Alan García
1985–1990President
Fernando Belaúnde
1980–1985President
Francisco Morales Bermúdez
1975–1980President
⚠️ Juan Velasco Alvarado
1968–1975President
Fernando Belaúnde
1963–1968President
Manuel Prado
1956–1963President
⚠️ Manuel A. Odría
1948–1956President
Manuel Prado
1939–1948President
Óscar R. Benavides
1933–1939President
Augusto B. Leguía
1908–1933President
Nicolás de Piérola
1895–1908President
Manuel Pardo
1872–1895President
Ramón Castilla
1845–1872President
Agustín Gamarra
1829–1845President
Simón Bolívar
1824–1829Dictator
José de San Martín
1821–1824Protector
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Alan García | President | 1985–1990 |
| Fernando Belaúnde | President | 1980–1985 |
| Francisco Morales Bermúdez | President | 1975–1980 |
| ⚠️ Juan Velasco Alvarado | President | 1968–1975 |
| Fernando Belaúnde | President | 1963–1968 |
| Manuel Prado | President | 1956–1963 |
| ⚠️ Manuel A. Odría | President | 1948–1956 |
| Manuel Prado | President | 1939–1948 |
| Óscar R. Benavides | President | 1933–1939 |
| Augusto B. Leguía | President | 1908–1933 |
| Nicolás de Piérola | President | 1895–1908 |
| Manuel Pardo | President | 1872–1895 |
| Ramón Castilla | President | 1845–1872 |
| Agustín Gamarra | President | 1829–1845 |
| Simón Bolívar | Dictator | 1824–1829 |
| José de San Martín | Protector | 1821–1824 |
Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
The powerline is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.
Conflicts since 19451 interstate war · click to expand
| Conflict | Years | Against | Combat deaths |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cenepa War | 1995 | Ecuador | 84–410 |
Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.”
Billionaires1 · $4.8B combined · click to expand
| # | Name | Net worth | Industry |
|---|---|---|---|
| 893 | Eduardo Hochschild(inherited) | $4.8B | Metals & Mining |
Source: Forbes real-time billionaires (via the rtb-api project). Net worth as of the latest monthly snapshot.
National Teams
Peru on the international stage. Click a card for the full record.
National Teams Champions
Every major championship won by Peru's national teams, newest first. 2 in total.
| Year | Date | Champion | Competition |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | 1975-10-28 | Peru | Copa América |
| 1939 | 1939-02-12 | Peru | South American Championship |
Regions
25 entries listed under Peru. Click any to see its metros and footprint.
Peru metro footprint
22 metrosPolygons shaded by composite tier. Hover for rank, click to open the metro page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.
22 tracked metros
| Rank | Metro | State | Population | Score | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #142 | Lima★ Capital▲ Largest | Lima | 11.3M | 20.5 | Major Metro |
| #462 | Cusco | Cusco (Cuzco) | 511K | 5.2 | Established Metro |
| #1430 | Arequipa | Arequipa | 1.2M | 0.9 | Local Metro |
| #1782 | Cajamarca | Cajamarca | 388K | 0.6 | Local Metro |
| #1800 | Piura | Piura | 895K | 0.5 | Local Metro |
| #1819 | Chiclayo | Lambayeque | 863K | 0.5 | Local Metro |
| #1958 | Huancayo | Junín | 595K | 0.4 | Local Metro |
| #2062 | Trujillo | La Libertad | 1.1M | 0.4 | Local Metro |
| #2085 | Sullana | Piura | 341K | 0.4 | Local Metro |
| #2338 | Andahuaylas | Apurímac | 151K | 0.3 | Local Metro |
| #2419 | Cutervo | Cajamarca | 124K | 0.3 | Local Metro |
| #2522 | Tarma | Junín | 92K | 0.3 | Local Metro |
| #2882 | Moquegua | Moquegua | 96K | 0.3 | Local Metro |
| #2970 | Santa (PER) | Áncash | 474K | 0.2 | Local Metro |
| #2988 | Ayacucho | Ayacucho | 318K | 0.1 | Local Metro |
| #2989 | Huánuco | Huánuco | 316K | 0.1 | Local Metro |
| #3060 | Tacna | Tacna | 346K | 0.1 | Local Metro |
| #3061 | Juliaca | Puno | 344K | 0.1 | Local Metro |
| #3174 | Puno | Puno | 230K | 0.1 | Local Metro |
| #3224 | Jaén (PER) | Cajamarca | 204K | 0.1 | Local Metro |
| #3260 | Huaraz | Áncash | 185K | 0.1 | Local Metro |
| #3446 | Nueva Cajamarca | San Martín | 132K | 0.0 | Local Metro |