Thailand

AsiaCapital city: BangkokCapital metro: BangkokMonarch: πŸ‘‘ Vajiralongkorn (Rama X)Prime Minister: Phumtham Wechayachai
2026 population
65.7M
Rank #23 globally
Area
513k kmΒ² (198k sq mi)
Metros tracked
22
56% of population in metros
Composite score
80.6
Rank #32 globally

population: Monthly national estimate (30 Jun 2026) Β· indicators as of 2026-09-05 Β· 22 metros tracked

πŸ—ΊοΈ Geography22 metros

Thailand metro footprint, shaded by composite tier.

Loading map…
22 polygons

Hover for rank, click to open the metro page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.

πŸ™οΈ 22 tracked metros
22 metros
πŸ—‚οΈ Planning Regions

7 entries listed under Thailand. Click any to see its metros and footprint.

7 total
πŸ“‹ At a glance
Official language
Thai
Government
Parliamentary monarchy
Legislature
National Assembly of Thailand
Demonym
Thai
Time zone
UTC+07:00
Driving side
Left
Calling code
+66
Internet TLD
.th
ISO 3166
TH
Established
1238
Highest point
Doi Inthanon (2,565 m (8,415 ft))
National anthem
Thai National Anthem

Facts via Wikidata.

πŸ’Ή Economy and developmentUpper middle income
Human Dev. Index
#75 / 191
0.798
UNDP Β· 2023
GDP
#29 / 193
$577.0B
World Bank Β· 2025
GDP per capita
#92 / 193
$8.1k
World Bank Β· 2025
GDP/capita (PPP)
#75 / 190
$26.3k
World Bank Β· 2025
GNI/capita (Atlas)
#94 / 192
$7.7k
World Bank Β· 2025
Life expectancy
#72 / 194
76.6 yrs
World Bank Β· 2024
Median age
39.7 yrs
UN WPP Β· 2023
Urban population
#100 / 194
63%
World Bank Β· 2025
Pop. growth
-0.1%
World Bank Β· 2025
Pop. density
#66 / 193
140/kmΒ²
World Bank Β· 2023
Foreign-born
#96 / 193
4.4%
World Bank Β· 2024
Rule of law
#102 / 175
0.42
V-Dem Β· 2025
Gini index
#59 / 166
33.3
World Bank Β· 2024
Internet users
#51 / 193
91%
World Bank Β· 2024
Inflation
#12 / 185
-0.1%
World Bank Β· 2025
COβ‚‚ per capita
#118 / 192
3.7 t
Global Carbon Budget Β· 2024
Renewable electricity
#131 / 186
17%
Ember Β· 2025

Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; β˜… marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN WPP, V-Dem, Global Carbon Budget, Ember, Energy Institute; CC BY 4.0). Each card credits its originating body. Renewable share is of electricity generation, not of primary energy. Each figure is the most recent year available.

Alliances & Organisations5 full memberships

Political & Economic

Regional

Subregional

Trade

Full memberDashed border = Candidate / ApplicantItalic = Dialogue / Observer

πŸ›οΈ Leadership History88 leaders Β· click to expand

marks a leader associated with atrocities or defiance of law, systemic subversion of democratic institutions, or a criminal conviction. Convictions arising from political persecution, and annulled convictions, are excluded. denotes a monarch. These are editorial designations, applied per entry rather than derived automatically.

Other

Phumtham Wechayachai✦ Current

2025–Present

Prime Minister

Tenure: in office

Paetongtarn Shinawatra

2024–2025

Prime Minister

Tenure: 0y 10m 21d

Anutin Charnvirakul

2025–2024

Prime Minister

Bhumjaithai

Paetongtarn Shinawatra

2024–2025

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2024–2025 (removed by Constitutional Court)Pheu Thai

Srettha Thavisin

2023–2024

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2023–2024 (removed by court)Pheu Thai

⚠️ Prayut Chan-o-cha

2014–2023

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2014–2023 (coup leader, then elected)United Thai Nation

Yingluck Shinawatra

2011–2014

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2011–2014 (removed by court)Pheu Thai

Abhisit Vejjajiva

2008–2011

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2008–2011Democrat

Somchai Wongsawat

2008–2008

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2008 (removed by court)People's Power

Samak Sundaravej

2008–2008

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2008 (removed by court)People's Power

⚠️ Surayud Chulanont

2006–2008

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2006–2008 (post-coup junta-appointed)

Thaksin Shinawatra

2001–2006

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2001–2006 (ousted by coup)Thai Rak Thai
Show all 40 leaders

Chuan Leekpai

1997–2001

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1997–2001 (second term)Democrat

Chavalit Yongchaiyudh

1996–1997

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1996–1997New Aspiration

Banharn Silpa-archa

1995–1996

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1995–1996Chart Thai

Chuan Leekpai

1992–1995

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1992–1995 (first term)Democrat

Anand Panyarachun

1992–1992

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1992 (second term, caretaker)

⚠️ Suchinda Kraprayoon

1992–1992

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1992 (resigned after Black May)

Anand Panyarachun

1991–1992

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1991–1992 (first term)

Chatichai Choonhavan

1988–1991

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1988–1991 (ousted by coup)Chart Thai

Prem Tinsulanonda

1980–1988

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1980–1988

Kriangsak Chamanan

1977–1980

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1977–1980

Thanin Kraivichien

1976–1977

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1976–1977

Seni Pramoj

1976–1976

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1976 (third term)Democrat

Kukrit Pramoj

1975–1976

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1975–1976Social Action

Seni Pramoj

1975–1975

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1975 (second term)Democrat

Sanya Dharmasakti

1973–1975

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1973–1975

⚠️ Thanom Kittikachorn

1963–1973

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1963–1973 (ousted in October 1973 uprising)

⚠️ Sarit Thanarat

1959–1963

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1959–1963 (military dictator)

Thanom Kittikachorn

1958–1958

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1958 (first term)

Pote Sarasin

1957–1958

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1957–1958

⚠️ Plaek Phibunsongkhram (Phibun)

1948–1957

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1948–1957 (second term, ousted by coup)

Thawan Thamrongnawasawat

1946–1947

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1946–1947

Pridi Banomyong

1946–1946

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1946

Seni Pramoj

1945–1946

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1945–1946Democrat

Tawee Boonyaket

1945–1945

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1945

Khuang Aphaiwong

1944–1945

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1944–1945

⚠️ Plaek Phibunsongkhram (Phibun)

1938–1944

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1938–1944

Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena

1933–1938

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1933–1938Khana Ratsadon

Phraya Manopakorn Nititada

1932–1933

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1932–1933

Chakri Dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Vajiralongkorn (Rama X)✦ Current

2016–Present

Monarch

Tenure: 2016–present

πŸ‘‘ Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)

1946–2016

Monarch

Tenure: 1946–2016

πŸ‘‘ Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII)

1935–1946

Monarch

Tenure: 1935–1946

πŸ‘‘ Prajadhipok (Rama VII)

1925–1935

Monarch

Tenure: 1925–1935 (abdicated)

Chakri dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Rama VI (Vajiravudh)

1910–1925

Monarch

Tenure: 15y 1m 3d

πŸ‘‘ Rama V (Chulalongkorn)

1868–1910

Monarch

Tenure: 42y 22d

πŸ‘‘ Rama IV (Mongkut)

1851–1868

Monarch

Tenure: 17y 5m 28d

πŸ‘‘ Rama III

1824–1851

Monarch

Tenure: 26y 8m 13d

πŸ‘‘ Rama II

1809–1824

Monarch

Tenure: 14y 10m 14d

πŸ‘‘ Rama I (Phutthayotfa)

1782–1809

Monarch

Tenure: 27y 5m 1d

Thonburi Kingdom

πŸ‘‘ Taksin

1767–1782

Monarch

Tenure: 15y 0dyear-level backbone - Thonburi dynasty

Ayutthaya Kingdom

πŸ‘‘ Ekkathat

1758–1767

Monarch

Tenure: 9y 0dyear-level backbone - Ban Phlu Luang dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Uthumphon

1758–1758

Monarch

Tenure: 0y 0dyear-level backbone - Ban Phlu Luang dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Borommakot

1733–1758

Monarch

Tenure: 25y 0dyear-level backbone - Ban Phlu Luang dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Phumintharacha (Thai Sa)

1709–1733

Monarch

Tenure: 24y 0dyear-level backbone - Ban Phlu Luang dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Suriyenthrathibodi (Suea)

1703–1709

Monarch

Tenure: 6y 0dyear-level backbone - Ban Phlu Luang dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Phetracha

1688–1703

Monarch

Tenure: 15y 0dyear-level backbone - Ban Phlu Luang dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Narai

1656–1688

Monarch

Tenure: 32y 0dyear-level backbone - Prasat Thong dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Si Suthammaracha

1656–1656

Monarch

Tenure: 0y 0dyear-level backbone - Prasat Thong dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Chai

1655–1656

Monarch

Tenure: 1y 0dyear-level backbone - Prasat Thong dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Prasat Thong

1629–1655

Monarch

Tenure: 26y 0dyear-level backbone - Prasat Thong dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Athittayawong

1629–1629

Monarch

Tenure: 0y 0dyear-level backbone - Sukhothai dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Chetthathirat

1628–1629

Monarch

Tenure: 1y 0dyear-level backbone - Sukhothai dynasty
Show all 37 leaders

πŸ‘‘ Songtham

1611–1628

Monarch

Tenure: 17y 0dyear-level backbone - Sukhothai dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Si Saowaphak

1610–1611

Monarch

Tenure: 1y 0dyear-level backbone - Sukhothai dynasty - reign disputed

πŸ‘‘ Ekathotsarot

1605–1610

Monarch

Tenure: 5y 0dyear-level backbone - Sukhothai dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Naresuan

1590–1605

Monarch

Tenure: 15y 0dyear-level backbone - Sukhothai dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Maha Thammarachathirat

1569–1590

Monarch

Tenure: 21y 0dyear-level backbone - Sukhothai dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Mahinthrathirat

1569–1569

Monarch

Tenure: 0y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty - 2nd reign

πŸ‘‘ Maha Chakkraphat

1568–1569

Monarch

Tenure: 1y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty - 2nd reign

πŸ‘‘ Mahinthrathirat

1564–1568

Monarch

Tenure: 4y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Maha Chakkraphat

1548–1564

Monarch

Tenure: 16y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Khun Worawongsathirat

1548–1548

Monarch

Tenure: 0y 0dyear-level backbone - usurper - kingship disputed

πŸ‘‘ Yotfa

1546–1548

Monarch

Tenure: 2y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Chairachathirat

1534–1546

Monarch

Tenure: 12y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Ratsadathirat

1533–1534

Monarch

Tenure: 1y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Borommarachathirat IV

1529–1533

Monarch

Tenure: 4y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Ramathibodi II

1491–1529

Monarch

Tenure: 38y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Borommarachathirat III

1488–1491

Monarch

Tenure: 3y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Borommatrailokkanat

1448–1488

Monarch

Tenure: 40y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Borommarachathirat II

1424–1448

Monarch

Tenure: 24y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Intharacha

1409–1424

Monarch

Tenure: 15y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Ramracha

1395–1409

Monarch

Tenure: 14y 0dyear-level backbone - Uthong dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Ramesuan

1388–1395

Monarch

Tenure: 7y 0dyear-level backbone - Uthong dynasty - 2nd reign

πŸ‘‘ Thong Lan

1388–1388

Monarch

Tenure: 0y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Borommarachathirat I

1370–1388

Monarch

Tenure: 18y 0dyear-level backbone - Suphannaphum dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Ramesuan

1369–1370

Monarch

Tenure: 1y 0dyear-level backbone - Uthong dynasty

πŸ‘‘ Ramathibodi I (U Thong)

1351–1369

Monarch

Tenure: 18y 0dyear-level backbone - Uthong dynasty
πŸ“ˆ Power over timeThe Power Atlas β†’
Today
Minor#31 Β· 0.7%
Latent vs recognised
Under-recognised: more mass than standing
3%5%8%10%190019502000
Power (headline share)Latent (material mass)Recognised (standing)
Thailand Β· share of world power, 1887–2026

The powerline is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.

βš”οΈ Conflicts since 194522 interstate wars Β· click to expand
Combat deaths: 270,000–297,000
Vietnam War●1965–1973
North Vietnam,FNL,Khmer Rouge,Khmer Issarak,Pathet Lao,China,North Korea,Soviet Union
Combat deaths: 1,326,494–3,447,494
Pathet Lao,North Vietnam,Neutralists (1960–1962),Patriotic Neutralists,(1963–1969)
Combat deaths: β€”
North Korea,China,Soviet Union
Combat deaths: 2,568,927–4,096,927
Franco-Thai War1940–1941
Vichy France Vichy France,French Indochina
Combat deaths: β€”
Pahang Civil War1857–1863
Pahang Tun Mutahir loyalists,Johor,United Kingdom
Combat deaths: β€”
Combat deaths: β€”
Burmese Empire
Combat deaths: β€”
Combat deaths: β€”
Show all 22 wars
Burmese Empire
Combat deaths: β€”
Burmese Empire
Combat deaths: β€”
Combat deaths: β€”
Combat deaths: β€”
Burmese Empire
Combat deaths: β€”
Burmese Empire
Combat deaths: β€”
Combat deaths: β€”
Combat deaths: β€”
Toungoo dynasty,Burmese-controlled Thai states
Combat deaths: β€”

Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, β€œList of interstate wars since 1945.”

πŸ‘₯ Population over time
Population 2023
71.7m
#20 in the world
Since 1800
24Γ—
from 3.0m
Peak
2022
71.7m
Share of world
0.89%
0.30% in 1800
17.9m35.9m53.8m71.7m18001850190019502000
Thailand Β· people, 1800–2023 Β· dashed to 2026 is projected

Our World in Data population (CC BY): UN WPP 2024 from 1950, Gapminder v7 1800-1949, HYDE 3.3 earlier; today's borders. Figures above are as of 2023, the last year that is estimated rather than forecast. The dashed tail to 2026 is a UN WPP medium-variant projection. It is drawn because the line should reach the present, and drawn differently because it has not happened yet: no rank, peak or share on this page uses it. Before 1950 the series is reconstruction rather than contemporaneous statistics, which is worth knowing when a country’s peak sits back there. The current population shown elsewhere on this page comes from the workbook and is unchanged by this. Note that people and share of world can move in opposite directions. A country can grow steadily and still become a smaller part of humanity, which is what happened to almost every rich country after 1960.

πŸ‘₯ To 2100

The UN’s probabilistic projection for Thailand: the median with its 80% and 95% bands, the UN’s own high, low and zero-migration scenarios beside it. Not this site’s model; the site reads it and says what it implies.

Peak
2022
71.7m; already passed
2050
66.4m
95% band 59.1m to 72.8m
2100
45.6m
95% band 23.7m to 70.8m
2100 against 2025
0.64Γ—
median falling from 2024
Deaths outnumber births
since 2022
on the UN medium path; migration decides the rest
19.3m38.5m57.8m77.1m1950197520002025205020752100

Tap or drag across the chart to read any year: the estimate to 2023, then the UN median, its bands and the scenarios.

estimateUN median80% and 95% bandshigh and low fertilityzero migration

What drives it

Births, deaths and net migration on the UN medium path, with fertility, life expectancy and median age, every decade from 1950.

1950
902k born Β· 391k died Β· +11k net migration
TFR 6.36 Β· life expectancy 45.2 Β· median age 17.5
1960
1.2m born Β· 402k died Β· +7k net migration
TFR 6.33 Β· life expectancy 50.6 Β· median age 16.9
1970
1.3m born Β· 383k died Β· +49k net migration
TFR 5.45 Β· life expectancy 56.5 Β· median age 16.3
1980
1.2m born Β· 354k died Β· +88k net migration
TFR 3.29 Β· life expectancy 62.2 Β· median age 18.9
1990
1.1m born Β· 313k died Β· +153k net migration
TFR 2.06 Β· life expectancy 68.9 Β· median age 23.2
2000
947k born Β· 403k died Β· +122k net migration
TFR 1.73 Β· life expectancy 71.2 Β· median age 29.0
2010
824k born Β· 453k died Β· +53k net migration
TFR 1.56 Β· life expectancy 75.0 Β· median age 33.5
2020
630k born Β· 546k died Β· +32k net migration
TFR 1.26 Β· life expectancy 77.3 Β· median age 38.2
Show all 16 decades
2030
552k born Β· 703k died Β· +44k net migration
TFR 1.20 Β· life expectancy 77.9 Β· median age 42.6
2040
519k born Β· 816k died Β· +60k net migration
TFR 1.25 Β· life expectancy 79.9 Β· median age 46.0
2050
461k born Β· 917k died Β· +66k net migration
TFR 1.29 Β· life expectancy 81.7 Β· median age 48.6
2060
416k born Β· 945k died Β· +62k net migration
TFR 1.33 Β· life expectancy 83.3 Β· median age 50.5
2070
399k born Β· 902k died Β· +58k net migration
TFR 1.37 Β· life expectancy 84.7 Β· median age 52.0
2080
373k born Β· 838k died Β· +55k net migration
TFR 1.40 Β· life expectancy 86.0 Β· median age 52.0
2090
345k born Β· 778k died Β· +50k net migration
TFR 1.42 Β· life expectancy 87.2 Β· median age 51.9
2100
328k born Β· 712k died Β· +43k net migration
TFR 1.44 Β· life expectancy 88.4 Β· median age 51.9

Every country to 2100 β†’

Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2024. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Estimates to 2023; projections 2024 to 2100, medium variant and probabilistic intervals. The UN revises every two years; this is the WPP 2024 revision.

πŸ’° Billionaires20 Β· $90.1B combined Β· click to expand
DiversifiedDiversified
EnergyEnergy
Food & BeverageBeverage, Real Estate
DiversifiedDiversified
DiversifiedDiversified
DiversifiedDiversified
Food & BeverageEnergy drinks
DiversifiedDiversified
Finance & InvestmentsHealthcare, Investments
DiversifiedDiversified
DiversifiedDiversified
DiversifiedDiversified
Show all 20 rows
DiversifiedDiversified
Finance & InvestmentsInvestments
Food & BeverageFood
DiversifiedTelecom, lotteries, insurance
Real EstateHotels
Food & BeverageEnergy drinks
Food & BeverageCoffee, shipping
ManufacturingPaints

Source: Forbes real-time billionaires (via the rtb-api project). Net worth as of the latest monthly snapshot.

πŸ† National Teams

Thailand on the international stage. Click a card for the full record.