Somalia

AfricaCapital city: MogadishuCapital metro: MogadishuPresident: Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
2026 population
19.7M
Rank #67 globally
Area
638k km² (246k sq mi)
Metros tracked
2
16% of population in metros
Composite score
2.8
Rank #164 globally
At a glance
Official languages
Somali, Arabic
Currency
Somali shilling (SOS)
Government
Federal republic
Legislature
Federal Parliament of Somalia
Demonym
Somali
Time zone
UTC+03:00
Driving side
Right
Calling code
+252
Internet TLD
.so
ISO 3166
SO
Established
1960
Highest point
Shimbiris (2,460 m (8,071 ft))
National anthem
Qolobaa Calankeed

Facts via Wikidata.

Economy and developmentLow income
Human Dev. Index
#191 / 192
0.404
World Bank · 2023
GDP
#147 / 194
$13.0B
World Bank · 2025
GDP per capita
#188 / 194
$661
World Bank · 2025
GDP/capita (PPP)
#188 / 191
$1.6k
World Bank · 2024
GNI/capita (Atlas)
#187 / 193
$640
World Bank · 2025
Life expectancy
#190 / 195
59.0 yrs
World Bank · 2024
Median age
15.4 yrs
World Bank · 2023
Urban population
#125 / 195
55%
World Bank · 2025
Pop. growth
3.3%
World Bank · 2025
Pop. density
#152 / 194
29/km²
World Bank · 2023
Foreign-born
#178 / 194
0.4%
World Bank · 2024
Rule of law
#147 / 175
0.17
World Bank · 2025
Internet users
#173 / 194
28%
World Bank · 2024

Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN, V-Dem; CC BY 4.0). Each figure is the most recent year available.

Alliances & Organisations3 full memberships

Political & Economic

Full memberDashed border = Candidate / ApplicantItalic = Dialogue / Observer

Leadership History40 leaders · click to expand

Hamza Abdi Barre

2022

Prime Minister

Tenure: 4y 0m

Hassan Sheikh Mohamud✦ Current

2022Present

President

Tenure: 4y 1m

Mohamed Hussein Roble

20202022

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 9m

Mahdi Mohammed Gulaid

20202020

Acting Prime Minister

Tenure: 0y 1m

Hassan Ali Khaire

20172020

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3y 4m

Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed

20172022

President

Tenure: 5y 3m

Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke

20142017

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 2m

Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed

20132014

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 0m

Abdi Farah Shirdon

20122013

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 2m

Hassan Sheikh Mohamud

20122017

President

Tenure: 4y 5m

Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle

20122012

Acting President

Tenure: 0y 0m

Abdiweli Mohamed Ali

20112012

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 3m

Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed

20102011

Prime Minister

Tenure: 0y 7m

Abdiwahid Elmi Gonjeh

20102010

Acting Prime Minister

Tenure: 0y 1m

Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke

20092010

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 7m

Sharif Sheikh Ahmed

20092012

President

Tenure: 3y 6m

Aden Mohamed Nur Madobe

20082009

Acting President

Tenure: 0y 1m

Nur Hassan Hussein

20072009

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 2m

Salim Aliyow Ibrow

20072007

Acting Prime Minister

Tenure: 0y 0m

Ali Mohammed Ghedi

20042007

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 10m

Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed

20042008

President

Tenure: 4y 2m

Muhammad Abdi Yusuf

20032004

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 0m

Hassan Abshir Farah

20012003

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 0m

Osman Jama Ali

20012001

Acting Prime Minister

Tenure: 0y 0m

Ali Khalif Galaydh

20002001

Prime Minister

Tenure: 1y 0m

Abdiqasim Salad Hassan

20002004

President

Tenure: 4y 1m

Ali Mahdi Mohamed

19912000

President

Tenure: 9y 7m

Umar Arteh Ghalib

19911997

Prime Minister

Tenure: 5y 11m

Muhammad Hawadle Madar

19901991

Prime Minister

Tenure: 0y 4m

Mohammad Ali Samatar

19871990

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3y 7m

Mohamed Siad Barre

19761991

President

Tenure: 14y 6m

Mohamed Siad Barre

19691976

Chairman

Tenure: 6y 8m

Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein

19691969

Acting President

Tenure: 0y 0m

Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal

19671969

Prime Minister

Tenure: 2y 3m

Abdirashid Ali Shermarke

19671969

President

Tenure: 2y 3m

Abdirizak Haji Hussein

19641967

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3y 1m

Abdirashid Ali Shermarke

19601964

Prime Minister

Tenure: 3y 11m

Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal

19601960

Prime Minister

Tenure: 0y 0m

Aden Abdullah Osman Daar

19601967

President

Tenure: 7y 0m

Abdullahi Issa

19561960

Prime Minister

Tenure: 4y 4m
Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
Today
Minor#158 · 0.0%
3%5%8%10%2000
Power (headline share)Latent (material mass)Recognised (standing)
Somalia · share of world power, 1960–2026

The powerline is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.

Conflicts since 19453 interstate wars · click to expand
Ogaden War1977–1978
Combat deaths: 39,836+
Combat deaths: 1,000–2,000

Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.”

National Teams

Somalia on the international stage. Click a card for the full record.

Regions

18 entries listed under Somalia. Click any to see its metros and footprint.

2 tracked metros
#818Mogadishu★ Capital▲ Largest
2.2