Conurbations are multi-metro networks ranked by the sum of composite scores across their members. Three layers feed the list. Named megaregions surface the canonical multi-city groupings the workbook can't form on its own. Editorial overrides give each Global Capital, Continental Metro, and Major Metro that's structurally a conurbation its true civic name (Tri-State Area, Bay Area, Sudogwon, Île-de-France, Twin Cities, DFW Metroplex, Wasatch Front, Chukyo, Jabodetabek, Chang-Zhu-Tan, Research Triangle, Merseyside, and 40 others). Auto-clustered networks fill the long tail: connected components formed at a 75 km (47 mi) link distance, recursively split when a cluster exceeds its size-dependent average-pairwise ceiling so transitive chains can't masquerade as whole-country belts. Tiers mirror the individual metro scale exactly: Global (cluster score ≥100), Continental (50-100), Major (20-50), Regional (<20). The middle tier captures the canonical cross-border twins (Detroit-Windsor, San Diego-Tijuana, Vienna-Bratislava, Kinshasa-Brazzaville, Nice-Monaco) and tight regional networks (Florence-Pisa-Siena-Lucca, Hartford-New Haven-Springfield-New London, Prague-Pardubice-Liberec, Edinburgh-Central Scotland, the Caribbean Sint Maarten cluster, the upstate New York belt).
🔗Conurbations: showing 132 of 132 qualifying metros
Tier A
13
Global
Tier B
37
Continental
Tier C
76
Major
Tier D
6
Regional
Tier A — Global
Cluster score of 100 or more, mirroring the Global Capital threshold for individual metros. The gravitationally heaviest conurbations on Earth: Pearl River Delta, New York, London, Jing-Jin-Ji, Paris, Tokyo, San Francisco-San Jose, Los Angeles, Seoul, Shanghai, Boston-Providence, Randstad, Toronto.
Cluster score between 50 and 100, mirroring the Continental Metro band. Substantial multi-metro networks that anchor a continent or region: Washington-Baltimore, Chicago, Flemish Diamond, Singapore-Johor Bahru-Batam, Zurich-Basel-Freiburg, Sydney-Wollongong, Osaka-Kyoto-Kobe, Moscow, Madrid, Houston, Istanbul.
Cluster score between 20 and 50, mirroring the Major Metro band. Regionally meaningful conurbations where multiple metros stack into a real network: Edinburgh-Central Scotland, Detroit-Windsor, Vienna-Bratislava, Florence-Pisa-Siena-Lucca, Bilbao-Bayonne, Helsinki, Cardiff-Bristol-Bath.
Cluster score under 20, mirroring the Regional Hub and lower bands. The long tail of small-but-real conurbations that satisfy the distance rule without contributing major economic weight on their own.