Languages of the world's states

Every state's first language, with its country's language spread and English reach until census shares arrive.

Data as of 28 Oct 2026 · 3,483 states, 254 countries · CLDR 49, Glottolog 5.3, States sheet

States ranked by their first language

Largest population first.

How this is measured

Languages and English reach are the country's figures until census shares arrive, so every state of a country shows the same two numbers.

Sort by

Uttar Pradesh

India · Hindi

235,687,000

English 19%

Punjab

Pakistan · Urdu

127,688,922

English 50%

Bihar

India · Hindi

126,756,000

English 19%

Maharashtra

India · Marathi

126,385,000

English 19%

Guangdong

China · Yue Chinese

126,012,510

English 0%

Shandong

China · Mandarin Chinese

101,527,453

English 0%

Henan

China · Mandarin Chinese

99,365,519

English 0%

West Bengal

India · Bengali

99,084,000

English 19%

Madhya Pradesh

India · Hindi

86,579,000

English 19%

Jiangsu

China · Mandarin Chinese

84,748,016

English 0%

Sichuan

China · Mandarin Chinese

83,674,866

English 0%

Rajasthan

India · Hindi

81,025,000

English 19%

#	State	Country	First language
1	Uttar Pradesh	India	Hindi	4.25	19%	235,687,000
2	Punjab	Pakistan	Urdu	1.00	50%	127,688,922
3	Bihar	India	Hindi	4.25	19%	126,756,000
4	Maharashtra	India	Marathi	4.25	19%	126,385,000
5	Guangdong	China	Yue Chinese	1.22	0%	126,012,510
6	Shandong	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	101,527,453
7	Henan	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	99,365,519
8	West Bengal	India	Bengali	4.25	19%	99,084,000
9	Madhya Pradesh	India	Hindi	4.25	19%	86,579,000
10	Jiangsu	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	84,748,016
11	Sichuan	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	83,674,866
12	Rajasthan	India	Hindi	4.25	19%	81,025,000
13	Tamil Nadu	India	Tamil	4.25	19%	76,860,000
14	Hebei	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	74,610,235
15	Gujarat	India	Gujarati	4.25	19%	71,507,000
16	Karnataka	India	Kannada	4.25	19%	67,692,000
17	Hunan	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	66,444,864
18	Zhejiang	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	64,567,588
19	Anhui	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	61,027,171
20	Hubei	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	57,752,557
21	Sindh	Pakistan	Sindhi	1.00	50%	53,627,696
22	Andhra Pradesh	India	Telugu	4.25	19%	53,156,000
23	Guangxi	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	50,126,804
24	West Java	Indonesia	Standard Indonesian	1.83	—	48,782,400
25	Yunnan	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	47,209,277
26	Odisha	India	Odia	4.25	19%	46,276,000
27	São Paulo	Brazil	Portuguese	1.20	8%	46,081,801
28	Jiangxi	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	45,188,635
29	Liaoning	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	42,591,407
30	Fujian	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	41,540,086
31	East Java	Indonesia	Standard Indonesian	1.83	—	40,878,800
32	Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North-West Frontier)	Pakistan	Pashto	1.00	50%	40,856,097
33	Oromia	Ethiopia	West Central Oromo	2.47	43%	40,061,083
34	Dhaka	Bangladesh	Bengali	1.00	18%	39,675,000
35	Shaanxi	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	39,528,999
36	Jharkhand	India	Hindi	4.25	19%	39,466,000
37	California	United States	English	1.07	91%	39,431,263
38	Guizhou	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	38,562,148
39	Telangana	India	Telugu	4.25	19%	38,090,000
40	Central Java	Indonesia	Standard Indonesian	1.83	—	36,742,500
41	Kerala	India	Malayalam	4.25	19%	35,776,000
42	Assam	India	Assamese	4.25	19%	35,713,000
43	Shanxi	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	34,915,616
44	Chongqing	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	32,054,159
45	Heilongjiang	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	31,850,088
46	Texas	United States	English	1.07	93%	31,290,831
47	Punjab	India	Eastern Panjabi	4.25	19%	30,730,000
48	Haryana	India	Hindi	4.25	19%	30,209,000
49	Chhattisgarh	India	Hindi	4.25	19%	30,180,000
50	Chittagong	Bangladesh	Bengali	1.00	18%	28,136,000
51	Xinjiang	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	25,852,345
52	Gansu	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	25,019,831
53	Shanghai	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	24,870,895
54	Jilin	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	24,073,453
55	Inner Mongolia	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	24,049,155
56	Florida	United States	English	1.07	93%	23,372,215
57	Amhara	Ethiopia	Amharic	2.47	43%	22,876,991
58	Beijing	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	21,893,095
59	Minas Gerais	Brazil	Portuguese	1.20	8%	21,393,441
60	National Capital Territory	India	Hindi	4.25	19%	21,359,000
61	New York	United States	English	1.07	93%	19,867,248
62	Rajshahi	Bangladesh	Bengali	1.00	18%	18,506,000
63	Northeastern	Thailand	Thai	1.27	27%	18,498,300
64	North Rhine-Westphalia	Germany	German	1.00	64%	18,034,454
65	Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	Portuguese	1.20	8%	17,223,547
66	Buenos Aires	Argentina	Spanish	1.00	7%	17,196,396
67	México	Mexico	Spanish	1.42	13%	16,992,418
68	Bangkok Metropolitan	Thailand	Thai	1.27	27%	16,255,900
69	Calabarzon	Philippines	Filipino	1.06	64%	16,195,042
70	Ontario	Canada	English	1.18	97%	16,124,116
71	Rangpur	Bangladesh	Bengali	1.00	18%	15,805,000
72	İstanbul	Turkey	Turkish	1.11	17%	15,519,267
73	Kano	Nigeria	Hausa	2.63	53%	15,462,200
74	Gauteng	South Africa	Zulu	4.37	31%	15,099,421
75	North Sumatra	Indonesia	Standard Indonesian	1.83	—	14,936,200
76	Khulna	Bangladesh	Bengali	1.00	18%	14,873,000
77	Bahia	Brazil	Portuguese	1.20	8%	14,870,907
78	Kinshasa	Congo DR	Kinshasa Lingala	1.92	—	14,749,714
79	Tehran	Iran	Western Farsi	1.59	—	14,437,000
80	Tokyo	Japan	Japanese	1.11	—	14,047,594
81	Balochistan	Pakistan	Urdu	1.00	50%	13,944,102
82	Tianjin	China	Mandarin Chinese	1.22	0%	13,866,009
83	Jammu & Kashmir	India	Kashmiri	4.25	19%	13,603,000
84	Southern (SNNPR)	Ethiopia	Amharic	2.47	43%	13,566,889
85	Lagos	Nigeria	Yoruba	2.63	53%	13,491,800
86	National Capital Region	Philippines	Filipino	1.06	64%	13,484,462
87	Gyeonggi	South Korea	Korean	1.00	—	13,413,459
88	Bavaria	Germany	German	1.00	64%	13,248,928
89	Pennsylvania	United States	English	1.07	98%	13,078,751
90	Moscow	Russia	Russian	1.02	4%	13,010,112
91	Illinois	United States	English	1.07	96%	12,710,158
92	KwaZulu-Natal	South Africa	Zulu	4.37	31%	12,423,908
93	Central Luzon	Philippines	Filipino	1.06	64%	12,422,172
94	Île-de-France	Réunion	French	1.00	—	12,380,964
95	Banten	Indonesia	Standard Indonesian	1.83	—	12,061,500
96	Paraná	Brazil	Portuguese	1.20	8%	11,890,517
97	Ohio	United States	English	1.07	99%	11,883,304
98	Uttarakhand	India	Hindi	4.25	19%	11,637,000
99	Central	Uganda	Ganda	1.68	4%	11,562,900
100	Mymensingh	Bangladesh	Bengali	1.00	18%	11,362,000

Where these numbers come from

Unicode CLDR territoryInfo (release 49) (Unicode License v3). Country-level language shares, official status and Tier 3 reach (populationPercent is total speakers, first plus second language).
Glottolog 5.3 (CC BY 4.0). Language names, ISO 639-3 codes, families.
Database of International and Intranational Linguistic distances (DICL v2), USITC (CC BY 4.0). Country-pair linguistic proximity (loaded, not yet shown in release one).
States (ISO 3166-2) sheet, MetroAreas workbook (Citizen of Nowhere, own compilation). States, populations and the four language labels per state.
Natural Earth 1:110m Admin 0 Countries (nvkelso/natural-earth-vector) (Public domain). World outline for the language maps (world-110m.geojson, properties reduced to iso3 and name).
Country layer of this site (countries.json workbook population, World Bank iso2 and iso3, OWID country-population) (Citizen of Nowhere, own compilation; World Bank CC BY 4.0; OWID CC BY). Country population, iso2 and /countries slug joined onto languages, countries and families (speakers = share x population).

Languages and English reach are country-level figures; see the Method page.