Odisha
India, state, population 46,276,000, first language Odia.
Data as of 28 Oct 2026 · IN-OR · CLDR 49, Glottolog 5.3, States sheet
Language stack
The roles this state's languages play, with a share where a census gives one.
How this is measured
A label comes from the States sheet and has no share. A share comes from a census and names its basis. Both can exist for one language.
Labels from the States sheet; no census share yet.
Official-language count: 3. Diversity below is country-level.
Languages of India
Country-level shares: CLDR, with a census or survey where CLDR has none. They overlap and are never normalised.
How this is measured
Effective number of languages 4.25, Greenberg diversity 0.76, both on the raw shares and country-level.
Largest 12 of 80 languages CLDR records for India.
How far lingua francas reach
Share able to hold a conversation, first or second language.
How this is measured
Each row carries its source tier. A Tier 1 census figure is this state's own; a Tier 3 figure is the country's, not this state's.
Other states in India35
Andaman & Nicobar IslandsBengali
Andhra PradeshTelugu
Arunachal PradeshNyishi-Hill Miri
AssamAssamese
BiharHindi
ChandigarhHindi
ChhattisgarhHindi
GoaKonkan Marathi
GujaratGujarati
HaryanaHindi
Himachal PradeshHindi
Show all 35 states
Jammu & KashmirKashmiri
JharkhandHindi
KarnatakaKannada
KeralaMalayalam
LadakhHindi
LakshadweepMalayalam
Madhya PradeshHindi
MaharashtraMarathi
ManipurManipuri
MeghalayaKhasi
MizoramMizo
NagalandNaga Pidgin
PuducherryTamil
PunjabEastern Panjabi
RajasthanHindi
SikkimNepali
Tamil NaduTamil
TelanganaTelugu
TripuraBengali
Uttar PradeshHindi
UttarakhandHindi
West BengalBengali
All states · Countries · Reach
Where these numbers come from
- Unicode CLDR territoryInfo (release 49) (Unicode License v3). Country-level language shares, official status and Tier 3 reach (populationPercent is total speakers, first plus second language).
- Glottolog 5.3 (CC BY 4.0). Language names, ISO 639-3 codes, families.
- Database of International and Intranational Linguistic distances (DICL v2), USITC (CC BY 4.0). Country-pair linguistic proximity (loaded, not yet shown in release one).
- States (ISO 3166-2) sheet, MetroAreas workbook (Citizen of Nowhere, own compilation). States, populations and the four language labels per state.
- Natural Earth 1:110m Admin 0 Countries (nvkelso/natural-earth-vector) (Public domain). World outline for the language maps (world-110m.geojson, properties reduced to iso3 and name).
- Country layer of this site (countries.json workbook population, World Bank iso2 and iso3, OWID country-population) (Citizen of Nowhere, own compilation; World Bank CC BY 4.0; OWID CC BY). Country population, iso2 and /countries slug joined onto languages, countries and families (speakers = share x population).
Labels are the States sheet's. Shares marked country-level are CLDR's for the whole country, not a measurement of this state. See Method.