Panama
population: 2023 census (1 Jul 2026) · indicators as of 5 Sep 2026 · 5 metros tracked
🗺️ Geography5 metros
Panama metro footprint, shaded by composite tier.
Select a metro for its rank and a link to its page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.
🏙️ 5 tracked metros
🗂️ Administrative subdivisions
13 entries listed under Panama across 2 types. Select any to see its metros and footprint.
Provinces (10)
Indigenous Territories (3)
📋 At a glance
- Official language
- Spanish
- Currency
- United States dollar ($)
- Government
- Presidential system
- Legislature
- National Assembly of Panama
- Constitution
- 1972, 5 amendment events since
- Demonym
- Panamanian
- Time zone
- UTC-05:00
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +507
- Internet TLD
- .pa
- ISO 3166
- PA
- Established
- 1903
- Highest point
- Volcan Baru (3,475 m (11,401 ft))
- National anthem
- National anthem of Panama
Facts via Wikidata.
🗣️ Languages of Panama
Spanish first; 2 languages share the country; 1 official.
| Language | Share | Status | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish | 69% | Official | CLDR, country |
| English | 14% | None | CLDR, country |
| Mandarin Chinese | 0.1% | None | CLDR, country |
Shares count first and second language, so they overlap and can add past 100%.
- English reach
- 14%
- Tier 3 country
- Effective languages
- 2.0
- Official-language gap
- 31%
- Spanish is spoken by 69%
📰 In the news4 stories
Semafor · 28 Sept 2026
Panama urged to reopen copper mineRecord copper prices and what Morgan Stanley calls the biggest supply shortfall in two decades are pushing Panama to reconsider the 2023 closure of Cobre Panama, which was about 5% of the country's GDP.
The Washington Post · 22 Sept 2026
The U.S. sent an Iranian Christian to Panama. It had no plan for what came next.A single case showing what happens after a third-country deportation flight lands.
The Guardian · 17 Sept 2026
Panama cuts canal traffic amid El Niño droughtPanama cut canal traffic as El Niño drains water supplies, on a route carrying 40% of US container traffic.
The Athletic · 25 Jun 2026
Croatia revive their campaign as Panama crash outCroatia's veteran squad revived their World Cup campaign as Luka Modric earned his 200th international cap, while Panama were eliminated.
💹 Economy and developmentHigh income
Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN WPP, V-Dem, Global Carbon Budget, Ember, Energy Institute; CC BY 4.0). Each card credits its originating body. Renewable share is of electricity generation, not of primary energy. Each figure is the most recent year available.
Alliances & Organisations3 full memberships
Full memberDashed border = Candidate / ApplicantItalic = Dialogue / Observer
🏛️ Leadership History51 leaders · click to expand
📈 Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
The power line is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.
⚔️ Wars and conflicts2 interstate wars · click to expand
| Conflict | Years | Against | Combat deaths |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States invasion of Panama | 1989–1990 | United States | 540–3,338 |
| Coto War | 1921 | Costa RicaCosta Rica | — |
Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.”
👥 Population over time
Our World in Data population (CC BY): UN WPP 2024 from 1950, Gapminder v7 1800-1949, HYDE 3.3 earlier; today's borders. Figures above are as of 2023, the last year that is estimated rather than forecast. The dashed tail to 2026 is a UN WPP medium-variant projection. It is drawn because the line should reach the present, and drawn differently because it has not happened yet: no rank, peak or share on this page uses it. Before 1950 the series is reconstruction rather than contemporaneous statistics, which is worth knowing when a country’s peak sits back there. The current population shown elsewhere on this page comes from the workbook and is unchanged by this. Note that people and share of world can move in opposite directions. A country can grow steadily and still become a smaller part of humanity, which is what happened to almost every rich country after 1960.
👥 To 2100
The UN’s probabilistic projection for Panama: the median with its 80% and 95% bands, the UN’s own high, low and zero-migration scenarios beside it. Not this site’s model; the site reads it and says what it implies.
What drives it
Births, deaths and net migration on the UN medium path, with fertility, life expectancy and median age, every decade from 1950.
Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2024. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Estimates to 2023; projections 2024 to 2100, medium variant and probabilistic intervals. The UN revises every two years; this is the WPP 2024 revision.
🏆 National Teams
Panama on the international stage. Select a card for the full record.