Panama
At a glance
- Official language
- Spanish
- Currency
- United States dollar ($)
- Government
- Presidential system
- Legislature
- National Assembly of Panama
- Demonym
- Panamanian
- Time zone
- UTC-05:00
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +507
- Internet TLD
- .pa
- ISO 3166
- PA
- Established
- 1903
- Highest point
- Volcan Baru (3,475 m (11,401 ft))
- National anthem
- National anthem of Panama
Facts via Wikidata.
Economy and developmentHigh income
Ranks are among sovereign countries with data; ★ marks a top-5% finish. Sources: World Bank Open Data and Our World in Data (UNDP, UN, V-Dem; CC BY 4.0). Each figure is the most recent year available.
Alliances & Organisations2 full memberships
Full memberDashed border = Candidate / ApplicantItalic = Dialogue / Observer
Leadership History51 leaders · click to expand
José Raúl Mulino✦ Current
2024–PresentPresident
Laurentino Cortizo
2019–2024President
Juan Carlos Varela
2014–2019President
Ricardo Martinelli
2009–2014President
Martín Torrijos
2004–2009President
Mireya Moscoso
1999–2004President
Ernesto Pérez Balladares
1994–1999President
Guillermo Endara
1989–1994President
Francisco Rodríguez
1989–1989President
Manuel Solís Palma
1988–1989President
Eric Arturo Delvalle
1985–1988President
Nicolás Ardito Barletta
1984–1985President
Jorge Illueca
1984–1984President
Ricardo de la Espriella
1982–1984President
Arístides Royo
1978–1982President
Demetrio B. Lakas
1969–1978President
Arnulfo Arias
1968–1968President
Marco Aurelio Robles
1964–1968President
Roberto Francisco Chiari
1963–1964President
Roberto Francisco Chiari
1960–1963President
Ernesto de la Guardia
1956–1960President
Ricardo Arias
1955–1956President
José Ramón Guizado
1955–1955President
José Antonio Remón Cantera
1952–1955President
Alcibíades Arosemena
1951–1952President
Arnulfo Arias
1949–1951President
Roberto Francisco Chiari
1949–1949President
Daniel Chanis Pinzón
1949–1949President
Domingo Díaz Arosemena
1948–1949President
Enrique Adolfo Jiménez
1945–1948President
Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia
1941–1945President
Arnulfo Arias
1940–1941President
Augusto Samuel Boyd
1939–1940President
Juan Demóstenes Arosemena
1936–1939President
Harmodio Arias Madrid
1932–1936President
Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro
1931–1932President
Harmodio Arias Madrid
1931–1931President
Florencio Harmodio Arosemena
1928–1931President
Rodolfo Chiari
1924–1928President
Belisario Porras
1920–1924President
Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre
1920–1920President
Belisario Porras
1918–1920President
Ciro Luis Urriola
1918–1918President
Ramón Maximiliano Valdés
1916–1918President
Belisario Porras
1912–1916President
Pablo Arosemena
1910–1912President
Carlos Antonio Mendoza
1910–1910President
José Domingo de Obaldía
1908–1910President
Manuel Amador Guerrero
1907–1908President
José Domingo de Obaldía
1907–1907President
Manuel Amador Guerrero
1904–1907President
| Name | Role | Years |
|---|---|---|
| José Raúl Mulino✦ Current | President | 2024–Present |
| Laurentino Cortizo | President | 2019–2024 |
| Juan Carlos Varela | President | 2014–2019 |
| Ricardo Martinelli | President | 2009–2014 |
| Martín Torrijos | President | 2004–2009 |
| Mireya Moscoso | President | 1999–2004 |
| Ernesto Pérez Balladares | President | 1994–1999 |
| Guillermo Endara | President | 1989–1994 |
| Francisco Rodríguez | President | 1989–1989 |
| Manuel Solís Palma | President | 1988–1989 |
| Eric Arturo Delvalle | President | 1985–1988 |
| Nicolás Ardito Barletta | President | 1984–1985 |
| Jorge Illueca | President | 1984–1984 |
| Ricardo de la Espriella | President | 1982–1984 |
| Arístides Royo | President | 1978–1982 |
| Demetrio B. Lakas | President | 1969–1978 |
| Arnulfo Arias | President | 1968–1968 |
| Marco Aurelio Robles | President | 1964–1968 |
| Roberto Francisco Chiari | President | 1963–1964 |
| Roberto Francisco Chiari | President | 1960–1963 |
| Ernesto de la Guardia | President | 1956–1960 |
| Ricardo Arias | President | 1955–1956 |
| José Ramón Guizado | President | 1955–1955 |
| José Antonio Remón Cantera | President | 1952–1955 |
| Alcibíades Arosemena | President | 1951–1952 |
| Arnulfo Arias | President | 1949–1951 |
| Roberto Francisco Chiari | President | 1949–1949 |
| Daniel Chanis Pinzón | President | 1949–1949 |
| Domingo Díaz Arosemena | President | 1948–1949 |
| Enrique Adolfo Jiménez | President | 1945–1948 |
| Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia | President | 1941–1945 |
| Arnulfo Arias | President | 1940–1941 |
| Augusto Samuel Boyd | President | 1939–1940 |
| Juan Demóstenes Arosemena | President | 1936–1939 |
| Harmodio Arias Madrid | President | 1932–1936 |
| Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro | President | 1931–1932 |
| Harmodio Arias Madrid | President | 1931–1931 |
| Florencio Harmodio Arosemena | President | 1928–1931 |
| Rodolfo Chiari | President | 1924–1928 |
| Belisario Porras | President | 1920–1924 |
| Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre | President | 1920–1920 |
| Belisario Porras | President | 1918–1920 |
| Ciro Luis Urriola | President | 1918–1918 |
| Ramón Maximiliano Valdés | President | 1916–1918 |
| Belisario Porras | President | 1912–1916 |
| Pablo Arosemena | President | 1910–1912 |
| Carlos Antonio Mendoza | President | 1910–1910 |
| José Domingo de Obaldía | President | 1908–1910 |
| Manuel Amador Guerrero | President | 1907–1908 |
| José Domingo de Obaldía | President | 1907–1907 |
| Manuel Amador Guerrero | President | 1904–1907 |
Power over timeThe Power Atlas →
The powerline is the headline share of world power, running from the state’s first ranked year (benchmark estimates with wide error bars before 1816). Latent power is material mass a state could mobilise (population, manpower, heavy industry). Recognised power is what the system actually treats it as (military spending, productive economy, reach, and status such as a Security Council seat or nuclear arsenal). When latent runs above recognised, a power is rising or under-rated; when recognised runs higher, it is punching above its weight or coasting on prestige. Material sub-indices run 1816 through 2016.
Conflicts since 19451 interstate war · click to expand
| Conflict | Years | Against | Combat deaths |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States invasion of Panama | 1989–1990 | United States | 540–3,338 |
Bold = principal belligerent. Source: Wikipedia, “List of interstate wars since 1945.”
National Teams
Panama on the international stage. Click a card for the full record.
Administrative subdivisions
13 entries listed under Panama across 2 types. Click any to see its metros and footprint.
Provinces (10)
Indigenous Territories (3)
Panama metro footprint
5 metrosPolygons shaded by composite tier. Hover for rank, click to open the metro page. Boundaries derived from Overture Maps administrative divisions; metros without source coverage are omitted.
5 tracked metros
| Rank | Metro | State | Population | Score | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #155 | Panama City★ Capital▲ Largest | Panamá | 2.1M | 18.6 | Regional Hub |
| #1561 | Colón (Pan) | Colón | 257K | 0.7 | Local Metro |
| #1760 | David City | Chiriquí | 174K | 0.6 | Local Metro |
| #2357 | Changuinola | Bocas del Toro | 143K | 0.3 | Local Metro |
| #4145 | Las Tablas | Los Santos | 30K | 0.0 | Local Metro |