Philippine Elections
AS OF 2026-10-09 · 44 CONTESTS · midterm elections, 12 May 2025 · WIKIPEDIA, NATIONAL ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES
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Every Philippine presidential election from the Commonwealth of 1935 to 2022, and every Senate and House of Representatives election since Congress was restored in 1987, through the May 2025 midterms: a competitive two-party republic, the martial-law years and the stolen count of 1986, single six-year presidential terms, and midterms that judge each president halfway through.
Term
6 years
single, no re-election, since 1987
Elections since 1935
18
presidential contests
Largest majority
58.8%
Bongbong Marcos, 2022
Latest midterm
12 May 2025
Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas 6 of 12 Senate seats; Lakas–CMD 103 House district seats
Senate elections since 1987
13
12 of 24 seats every three years since 1995
House today
318
254 district + 64 party-list seats
Every presidential election
Every Philippine presidential election since 1935, newest first. The Japanese-occupation vote of 1943 and the boycotted contest of 1981 are labelled as what they were.
The Fifth Republic · 1992–
People Power removed Marcos and the 1987 constitution gave the president a single six-year term, which is why every election here has an open field and why pluralities of 40% or less have repeatedly been enough to win. Marcos's son took 58.8% in 2022, the largest majority since his father's.
Martial law · 1972–1985
Marcos declared martial law in 1972 rather than leave office, held a referendum-style election in 1981 that the opposition boycotted, and called a snap election in 1986 that he claimed to have won. The count was so brazen that the computer operators walked out on television.
The Third Republic · 1949–1969
A two-party system of Nacionalistas and Liberals that was genuinely competitive and genuinely violent, with turnout above 75% and a habit of turning out incumbents. Magsaysay, Macapagal and Marcos each took the presidency from a sitting party.
The Commonwealth · 1935–1946
Elected under American sovereignty from 1935, with independence promised for 1946. Quezon won twice; the 1943 election was held under Japanese occupation by a hand-picked assembly and is listed here as what it was.
Every Senate election since 1987
The Senate is elected nationwide, not by district: every voter may choose up to twelve names and the twelve with the most votes win. Each line shows the seats each ticket won, newest first; open an election for the winning senators in order.
The automated era · 2010–
Machine counting since 2010 has made results known within days. The Senate is now a contest of national celebrity and presidential coattails; the House majority follows whoever holds the presidency, whatever party its members were elected under, and the party list fills every seat after the Supreme Court's 2009 ruling.
Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas 6DuterTen 3KiBam 2
UniTeam 4Lacson–Sotto slate 3Independent 3
Hugpong ng Pagbabago 9Independent 1Nationalist People's Coalition 1
Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid 7Partido Galing at Puso 4United Nationalist Alliance 1
Team PNoy 9United Nationalist Alliance 3
Liberal Party 4Nacionalista Party 3Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 2
Half-Senate midterms and the party list · 1995–2007
From 1995 twelve Senate seats were contested every three years, so each president faced a nationwide midterm referendum. Party-list seats arrived in 1998, though the 2% threshold left most of them empty. 2007's opposition sweep of the Senate, in the wake of the 'Hello Garci' scandal, was the sharpest of those referendums.
Genuine Opposition 7TEAM Unity 3Liberal Party 1
Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan 7Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino 5
People Power Coalition 8Puwersa ng Masa 4Independent 1
Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino 7Lakas–NUCD–UMDP 5
Lakas–Laban Coalition 9Nationalist People's Coalition 3
Congress restored · 1987–1992
The 1987 constitution brought back the bicameral Congress Marcos had shut in 1972. The whole 24-seat Senate was elected at large in 1987 and again in 1992, the second time with half the winners given three-year terms to start the staggered cycle; the House was all district seats, plus sectoral members the president appointed.
Every House of Representatives election since 1987
District seats by the party each winner ran under, plus the party-list seats, newest first. Philippine parties are loose: a House majority forms around whoever holds the presidency, so the largest party on election night is not always the party that runs the chamber.
The automated era · 2010–
Machine counting since 2010 has made results known within days. The Senate is now a contest of national celebrity and presidential coattails; the House majority follows whoever holds the presidency, whatever party its members were elected under, and the party list fills every seat after the Supreme Court's 2009 ruling.
Lakas–CMD 103Party-list groups 64National Unity Party 32
PDP–Laban 66Party-list groups 63Nacionalista Party 36
PDP–Laban 82Party-list groups 61Nacionalista Party 42
Liberal Party 115Party-list groups 59Nationalist People's Coalition 42
Liberal Party 109Party-list groups 58Nationalist People's Coalition 42
Lakas Kampi CMD 106Party-list groups 57Liberal Party 47
Half-Senate midterms and the party list · 1995–2007
From 1995 twelve Senate seats were contested every three years, so each president faced a nationwide midterm referendum. Party-list seats arrived in 1998, though the 2% threshold left most of them empty. 2007's opposition sweep of the Senate, in the wake of the 'Hello Garci' scandal, was the sharpest of those referendums.
Lakas–CMD 89Party-list groups 53Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino 44
Lakas–CMD 92Nationalist People's Coalition 53Liberal Party 29
Lakas–NUCD–UMDP 79Nationalist People's Coalition 42Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino 21
Lakas–NUCD–UMDP 111Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino 55Liberal Party 15
Lakas–NUCD–UMDP 100Local parties and joint tickets 28Lakas–Laban Coalition 25
Congress restored · 1987–1992
The 1987 constitution brought back the bicameral Congress Marcos had shut in 1972. The whole 24-seat Senate was elected at large in 1987 and again in 1992, the second time with half the winners given three-year terms to start the staggered cycle; the House was all district seats, plus sectoral members the president appointed.
The long arc in charts
Tap, drag or hover across a chart: the line under it gives the exact figure.
Turnout since 1946
Consistently high by democratic standards, above 75% for most of the post-war period, and rising again since 2010.
The winner's share
Landslides at the start and the end, pluralities in between: Ramos won in 1992 with 23.6%, the lowest winning share on this page.
How dominant was the winning side?
The top Senate ticket's share of the seats at stake, and the largest party's share of House district seats, 1987–2025. Lakas ng Bayan took 22 of 24 Senate seats in 1987 and the winning ticket 9 of 12 in 1995, 2013 and 2019; in 2022 no ticket won more than four.
Turnout at Senate elections
Ballots cast as a share of registered voters. Midterms without a presidential race draw fewer voters, 68% in 2007, but 2025 drew 82%, about the same as the 2022 presidential year.
Records & superlatives
Highest turnout
89.6%
1946 presidential election
Highest winning share
80.1%
Manuel L. Quezon, 1941
Lowest share to reach the presidency
23.6%
Fidel V. Ramos, 1992
Most votes for a senator
27.1m
Bong Go, 2025 Senate election
Largest House party haul
111 of 206
Lakas–NUCD–UMDP, 1998 district seats
First presidential vote open to women
1941
after women won the vote in the 1937 suffrage plebiscite
How Philippine elections work
One round, one term
The president is elected by simple plurality with no runoff, for a single six-year term with no re-election. With four or five serious candidates that has repeatedly produced presidents on less than 40% of the vote.
The vice president runs separately
Voters cast a separate ballot for vice president, so the two offices regularly go to rivals. It is a standing source of instability and has twice put the losing presidential ticket's running mate a heartbeat away.
1986
Marcos called a snap election, the official count gave him the win, and the computer technicians tabulating it walked off the job on live television. The People Power uprising removed him within three weeks.
A Senate elected nationwide
Twelve of the 24 senators are elected every three years by the whole country at once: each voter writes in up to twelve names and the top twelve win. Name recognition counts for more than party, which is why broadcasters, actors and athletes top the poll so often.
Districts plus a party list
Most House members are elected by plurality in single-member districts. Since 1998 a fifth of the seats have gone to party-list groups that clear 2% of a separate national vote, capped at three seats each.
Names that repeat
Marcos, Aquino, Macapagal, Estrada, Duterte. Philippine presidential politics runs on families, and the ballot here reads like a genealogy.