Mexican Elections
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Every Mexican presidential election from 1853 to 2024 and the Chamber of Deputies midterms since 1943 — Santa Anna, the Porfiriato, the Revolution, seventy years of one-party rule and the democratic transition, stated plainly throughout, for novices and experts alike.
Presidential elections
38
1853–2024
Chamber midterms
14
1943–2021
President today
Claudia Sheinbaum
elected 2024 · single six-year term
One-party rule
71 years
1929–2000, the longest run of the twentieth century
Presidential elections
All 38 presidential contests, newest first. The arranged elections of the Porfiriato and the hegemonic-party decades are labelled as such on every page — the numbers are the official record, not evidence of a free vote.
Transition and alternation · 1994–2024
Reformed electoral institutions turned real: Fox's 2000 victory ended 71 years of one-party rule, 2006 was decided by half a point, the PRI returned in 2012, and Morena's landslides in 2018 and 2024 — the latter electing Claudia Sheinbaum, Mexico's first woman president — built a new dominant party.
The PRI's hegemony · 1934–1988
For sixty years the official party — PNR, then PRM, then PRI — never lost a presidential election, blending real social bases with electoral control. The arc runs from Cárdenas's oil nationalism to the 1988 'fall of the system', when the count mysteriously crashed with the opposition ahead.
Revolution and reconstruction · 1911–1929
Madero's 1911 landslide was Mexico's freest election yet — followed by his murder, civil war, the 1917 Constitution, and the assassination-scarred rise of the Sonoran generals. The 1929 special election, won by the brand-new official party amid open fraud, founded the system that would rule for seven decades.
The Porfiriato · 1877–1910
Porfirio Díaz was re-elected seven times in contests with no real opposition, the machinery of a personal dictatorship dressed as a republic. The fraudulent 1910 election against the jailed Francisco Madero lit the Mexican Revolution.
Santa Anna to the Restored Republic · 1853–1876
Mexico's mid-century elections were indirect, held between coups and wars: Santa Anna's last dictatorship, the Reforma and Benito Juárez's embattled presidencies through French intervention, and the disputed 1876 contest that ended in Porfirio Díaz's revolt.
Chamber of Deputies midterms
The midterm elections for the Chamber of Deputies, newest first — the contests that turned from rituals of an official majority into genuine referendums on each presidency.
The plural Chamber · 1997–2021
In 1997 the PRI lost its Chamber majority for the first time, and every midterm since has been a genuine referendum on the sitting president — from Fox's divided government through the PRI's 2009 comeback to Morena's defence of its supermajority in 2021.
Midterms under the hegemonic party · 1943–1991
Chamber of Deputies midterms under PRI rule were rituals of an official majority, though reforms from 1963 onward carved out token, then real, opposition seats — the laboratory where Mexico's opposition slowly learned to win.
The long arc in charts
Hover any point for the exact figure. Early figures are the official record of managed contests.
The winner's share, 1853–2024
Near-unanimous "victories" under Díaz and the early PRI collapse into real numbers: the 50.7% of 1988, Calderón's 0.6-point win in 2006, and the Morena landslides.
Turnout where it was recorded
Reliable turnout series begin late in Mexico; the competitive era has ranged from 77% in the watershed 1994 election to the low 60s since.
Records & superlatives
Highest turnout (competitive era)
77.2%
1994 presidential election
Lowest turnout (competitive era)
58.5%
2006 presidential election
Biggest competitive-era win
61.2%
Claudia Sheinbaum, 2024
Narrowest winning share
36.7%
Felipe Calderón, 2006
Years of unbroken official-party rule
71
1929–2000, ended by Vicente Fox's victory
Midterms since the Chamber turned plural
5
every one since 1997 a real contest for the majority
How Mexican elections work
One round, one term
The presidency is won by simple plurality in a single round, for a single six-year term — the sexenio. No re-election, ever: the Revolution's founding slogan is written into the constitution.
A mixed Chamber
The Chamber of Deputies mixes 300 district seats with 200 proportional seats, elected every three years — so every president faces a midterm referendum halfway through the sexenio.
From ritual to referee
For six decades the official party controlled the count itself. The independent electoral institute built in the 1990s — today's INE — is the institution that made 1997, 2000 and everything since believable.
Alliances on the ballot
Modern contests are fought by coalitions — Morena with the Greens and PT, the PAN with its rivals-turned-partners — so a candidate's vote is an alliance total across several party columns.