Mexican Elections

AS OF 2026-10-09 · 53 CONTESTS · general election, 2 June 2024 · WIKIPEDIA, NATIONAL ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES

Next election · midterm elections, June 2027 · Capital · Mexico City in the metro rankings →

Where the chamber sits · 4.7 of 10, left to right, spread 2.2 →

Every Mexican presidential election from 1853 to 2024 and the Chamber of Deputies midterms since 1943: Santa Anna, the Porfiriato, the Revolution, seventy years of one-party rule and the democratic transition, stated plainly throughout, for novices and experts alike.

Presidential elections

1853–2024

Chamber midterms

1943–2024

President today

Claudia Sheinbaum

elected 2024 · single six-year term

One-party rule

71 years

1929–2000, the longest run of the twentieth century

Presidential elections Chamber midterms The long arc in charts Records How it works

Presidential elections

All 38 presidential contests, newest first. The arranged elections of the Porfiriato and the hegemonic-party decades are labelled as such on every page: the numbers are the official record, not evidence of a free vote.

Transition and alternation · 1994–2024

Reformed electoral institutions turned real: Fox's 2000 victory ended 71 years of one-party rule, 2006 was decided by half a point, the PRI returned in 2012, and Morena's landslides in 2018 and 2024 — the latter electing Claudia Sheinbaum, Mexico's first woman president — built a new dominant party.

2024Mexico's first woman president2 June 2024

Claudia Sheinbaum 61.2%def. Xóchitl Gálvez 28.1%turnout 61.0%

2018The AMLO landslide1 July 2018

Andrés Manuel López Obrador 54.7%def. Ricardo Anaya 22.9%turnout 63.4%

20122012

Enrique Peña Nieto 39.2%def. Andrés Manuel López Obrador 32.4%turnout 63.1%

2006Decided by half a point2 July 2006

Felipe Calderón 36.7%def. Andrés Manuel López Obrador 36.1%turnout 58.5%

2000The end of one-party rule2 July 2000

Vicente Fox 43.4%def. Francisco Labastida 36.9%turnout 64.0%

1994The Colosio year21 August 1994

Ernesto Zedillo 50.1%def. Diego Fernández de Cevallos 26.7%turnout 77.2%

The PRI's hegemony · 1934–1988

For sixty years the official party — PNR, then PRM, then PRI — never lost a presidential election, blending real social bases with electoral control. The arc runs from Cárdenas's oil nationalism to the 1988 'fall of the system', when the count mysteriously crashed with the opposition ahead.

1988The fall of the system6 July 1988

Carlos Salinas de Gortari 50.7%def. Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas 31.0%turnout 52.0%

19824 July 1982

Miguel de la Madrid 74.3%def. Pablo Emilio Madero 16.4%turnout 74.8%

1976An unopposed election4 July 1976

José López Portillo 92.3%def. Popular Socialist Party 3.9%

19705 July 1970

Luis Echeverría 86.0%def. Efraín González Morfín 14.0%

19641964

Gustavo Díaz Ordaz 88.8%def. José González Torres 11.0%

19586 July 1958

Adolfo López Mateos 90.4%def. Luis Héctor Álvarez 9.4%

19527 July 1952

Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 74.3%def. Miguel Henríquez Guzmán 15.9%

19461946

Miguel Alemán Valdés 77.9%def. Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza 19.3%

19407 July 1940

Manuel Ávila Camacho 93.9%def. Juan Andreu Almazán 5.7%

19341934

Lázaro Cárdenas 98.2%def. Antonio Villarreal 1.1%

Revolution and reconstruction · 1911–1929

Madero's 1911 landslide was Mexico's freest election yet — followed by his murder, civil war, the 1917 Constitution, and the assassination-scarred rise of the Sonoran generals. The 1929 special election, won by the brand-new official party amid open fraud, founded the system that would rule for seven decades.

1929The official party's debut17 November 1929

Pascual Ortiz Rubio 93.5%def. José Vasconcelos 5.3%

19281 July 1928

Alvaro Obregón 100.0%

19246 July 1924

Plutarco Elías Calles 84.1%def. Ángel Flores 15.8%

19205 September 1920

Álvaro Obregón 95.8%def. Alfredo Robles Domínguez 4.0%

19171917

Venustiano Carranza 97.2%def. Pablo González Garza 1.4%

1911Madero's free election1911

Francisco I. Madero 99.3%def. Francisco León de la Barra 0.4%

The Porfiriato · 1877–1910

Porfirio Díaz was re-elected seven times in contests with no real opposition, the machinery of a personal dictatorship dressed as a republic. The fraudulent 1910 election against the jailed Francisco Madero lit the Mexican Revolution.

1910The spark of the Revolution1910

Porfirio Díaz 98.9%def. Francisco I. Madero 1.0%

190411 July 1904

Porfirio Díaz 100.0%def. Nicolás Zúñiga y Miranda 0.0%

Porfirio Díaz 99.9%def. Other candidates 0.1%

18881888

Porfirio Díaz 99.7%def. Ramón Corral 0.0%

18841884

Porfirio Díaz 98.8%def. Ramón Corral 0.2%

18801880

Manuel González Flores 76.7%def. Justo Benítez 9.1%

18771877

Porfirio Díaz 96.4%def. Other candidates 3.6%

Santa Anna to the Restored Republic · 1853–1876

Mexico's mid-century elections were indirect, held between coups and wars: Santa Anna's last dictatorship, the Reforma and Benito Juárez's embattled presidencies through French intervention, and the disputed 1876 contest that ended in Porfirio Díaz's revolt.

1876Settled by revolt1876

Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada 90.9%def. Other candidates 9.1%

18721872

Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada 92.3%def. Porfirio Diaz 5.9%

18711871

Benito Juárez 47.6%def. Porfirio Díaz 29.0%

1867After the fall of MaximilianOctober 1867

Benito Juárez 71.5%def. Porfirio Díaz 26.1%

18611861

Benito Juárez 53.4%def. Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada 27.9%

1857Under the new liberal constitution1857

Ignacio Comonfort 92.7%def. Miguel Lerdo de Tejada 7.3%

1853April 1853

Antonio López de Santa Anna

Chamber of Deputies midterms

The midterm elections for the Chamber of Deputies, newest first, the contests that turned from rituals of an official majority into genuine referendums on each presidency.

The plural Chamber · 1997–2024

In 1997 the PRI lost its Chamber majority for the first time, and every midterm since has been a genuine referendum on the sitting president — from Fox's divided government through the PRI's 2009 comeback to Morena's defence of its majority in 2021. In 2024, voting alongside Sheinbaum's landslide, Morena's coalition took a two-thirds supermajority.

2024Morena's two-thirds supermajority2 June 2024

MORENA 236/500turnout 60.5%President: Claudia Sheinbaum

MORENA 236PVEM 77PAN 72

2021Morena defends its majority6 June 2021

MORENA 198/500turnout 52.7%President: Andrés Manuel López Obrador

MORENA 198PAN 114PRI 70

20157 June 2015

PRI 203/500turnout 47.7%President: Enrique Peña Nieto

PRI 203PAN 109PRD 55

20095 July 2009

PRI 237/500President: Felipe Calderón

PRI 237PAN 143PRD 71

20032003

Institutional Revolutionary Party 224/500President: Vicente Fox

Institutional Revolutionary Party 224National Action Party 151Party of the Democratic Revolution 97

1997The PRI loses the Chamber6 July 1997

Institutional Revolutionary Party 13/500President: Ernesto Zedillo

Institutional Revolutionary Party 13National Action Party 9Party of the Democratic Revolution 8others 465

Midterms under the hegemonic party · 1943–1991

Chamber of Deputies midterms under PRI rule were rituals of an official majority, though reforms from 1963 onward carved out token, then real, opposition seats — the laboratory where Mexico's opposition slowly learned to win.

199118 August 1991

Institutional Revolutionary Party 31/500President: Carlos Salinas de Gortari

Institutional Revolutionary Party 31National Action Party 1others 468

19851985

Institutional Revolutionary Party 292/400President: Miguel de la Madrid

Institutional Revolutionary Party 292National Action Party 38Unified Socialist Party of Mexico 12

1979First with proportional seats1979

President: José López Portillo

19731973

Institutional Revolutionary Party 189/231President: Luis Echeverría

Institutional Revolutionary Party 189National Action Party 25Popular Socialist Party 10

19671967

Institutional Revolutionary Party 177/212President: Gustavo Díaz Ordaz

Institutional Revolutionary Party 177National Action Party 20Popular Socialist Party 10

19611961

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) 172/178President: Adolfo López Mateos

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) 172National Action Party (PAN) 5Popular Socialist Party (PPS) 1

19554 July 1955

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) 153/162President: Adolfo Ruiz Cortines

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) 153National Action Party (PAN) 6Popular Party (PP) 2

19493 July 1949

Institutional Revolutionary Party 142/147President: Miguel Alemán

Institutional Revolutionary Party 142National Action Party 4Popular Party 1

1943First PRI-era midterm in the dataset1943

Party of the Mexican Revolution 147/147President: Manuel Ávila Camacho

Party of the Mexican Revolution 147

The long arc in charts

Hover any point for the exact figure. Early figures are the official record of managed contests.

The winner's share, 1853–2024

Near-unanimous "victories" under Díaz and the early PRI collapse into real numbers: the 50.7% of 1988, Calderón's 0.6-point win in 2006, and the Morena landslides.

Winner's share

Turnout where it was recorded

Reliable turnout series begin late in Mexico; the competitive era has ranged from 77% in the watershed 1994 election to the low 60s since.

Presidential turnout

Records & superlatives

Highest turnout (competitive era)

77.2%

1994 presidential election

Lowest turnout (competitive era)

58.5%

2006 presidential election

Biggest competitive-era win

61.2%

Claudia Sheinbaum, 2024

Narrowest winning share

36.7%

Felipe Calderón, 2006

Years of unbroken official-party rule

1929–2000, ended by Vicente Fox's victory

Midterms since the Chamber turned plural

every one since 1997 a real contest for the majority

How Mexican elections work

One round, one term

The presidency is won by simple plurality in a single round, for a single six-year term, the sexenio. No re-election, ever: the Revolution's founding slogan is written into the constitution.

A mixed Chamber

The Chamber of Deputies mixes 300 district seats with 200 proportional seats, elected every three years, so every president faces a midterm referendum halfway through the sexenio.

From ritual to referee

For six decades the official party controlled the count itself. The independent electoral institute built in the 1990s, today's INE, is the institution that made 1997, 2000 and everything since believable.

Alliances on the ballot

Modern contests are fought by coalitions, Morena with the Greens and PT, the PAN with its rivals-turned-partners, so a candidate's vote is an alliance total across several party columns.