The Geography of Erasure

Sport sells itself as a meritocracy. It is closer to a real estate game: every franchise that ever packed up and left is on the board below, by league, by decade, by distance.

AS OF 2026-09-13 · 89 moves · 5 leagues · 1877 to 2025 · source: per-season team sheets + relocations ledger

Companion to the essay on Citizen of Nowhere.

Sporting history is not written by the winners but by the markets that survived. When a champion is based in a metro the modern corporate league has outgrown, the legacy does not get an asterisk. It gets deleted, or packed onto a truck. This page is the full ledger behind that argument: 89 moves the site's own team data can document, from an 1877 baseball club's short hop to Brooklyn through last decade's NFL and NHL relocations.

89
Moves on record
5
Leagues
21
Returns / replacements
18
Ghost franchises

Every move, by decade

One stacked bar per decade, one colour per sport. Height is move count.

How this is measured
Sports beyond the top five collapse into Other. A move is dated to the arrival year in the new metro, so a franchise that left in December 1994 for a 1995 debut counts in the 1990s.
Hover or tap a decade for the breakdown
HockeyBasketballAmerican FootballBaseballFootball/Soccer

By league

Moves per decade, one strip per league. The lit bar is that league's busiest decade.

NHL26 moves

Busiest decade: 1970s

NBA24 moves

Busiest decade: 1970s

NFL23 moves

Busiest decade: 1920s

MLB15 moves

Busiest decade: 1950s

Football1 moves

Busiest decade: 2000s

The metros that lost the most, and gained the most

Departures and arrivals counted across every league on record; Net is arrivals minus departures.

Lost the most

Virginia Squires (1971), Cleveland Barons (1977), Las Vegas Raiders (1982)
2. Boston4 left
Washington Commanders (1937), Dallas Texans (1952), Braves (1953)
Los Angeles Chargers (1961), Utah Stars (1971), Los Angeles Rams (1995)
Lakers (1961), Pittsburgh Pipers / Condors (1968), (Florida) The Floridians (1969)
Orioles (1954), Hawks (1969), Arizona Cardinals (1988)
Yankees (1903), Twins (1961), Rangers (1972)
Detroit Wolverines (1928), Los Angeles Rams (1946), Minnesota Fighting Saints (1977)
Athletics (1968), Devils (1977), Kings (1986)
Show all 10 metros
Orioles (1902), Hawks (1956), Braves (1966)
Dodgers (1958), Giants (1958), San Diego Mariners (1975)

Gained the most

Los Angeles Rams (1946), Dodgers (1958), Lakers (1961)
2. St. Louis7 gained
Orioles (1902), St.Louis Gunners (1934), St. Louis Eagles (1935)
3. New York5 gained
Brooklyn Hartfords (1877), Yankees (1903), Newark Tornadoes (1929)
Washington Commanders (1937), Orioles (1954), Wizards (1964)
5. Detroit4 gained
Red Wings (1927), Detroit Wolverines (1928), Detroit Lions (1934)
Giants (1958), Warriors (1963), Athletics (1968)
7. Chicago3 gained
Chicago Bears (1921), Kenosha Maroons (1924), Blackhawks (1927)
8. Dallas3 gained
Dallas Texans (1952), Rangers (1972), Stars (1994)
Show all 10 metros
Athletics (1955), Kansas City Chiefs (1963), Kings (1973)
Hawks (1952), Braves (1953), Brewers (1970)

How far they went

Straight-line distance between metro centers. The longest ten below, the full spread as a single bar.

0 to 100 km1
100 to 500 km24
500 to 1,500 km31
1,500 to 3,000 km21
Over 3,000 km12

Who came back

A franchise that later returned to the metro it left, or a same-league franchise that arrived there afterward.

Left Winnipeg for Phoenix. Winnipeg was replaced by the Jets (2012).
Left Los Angeles for St. Louis. Los Angeles was replaced by the Los Angeles Chargers (2017).
Left Los Angeles for San Francisco-San Jose. Los Angeles was replaced by the Los Angeles Rams (2016).
Left St. Louis for Phoenix. St. Louis was replaced by the Los Angeles Rams (1995).
Devils1983
Left Denver for New York. Denver was replaced by the Avalanche (1996).
Left San Francisco-San Jose for Los Angeles. The franchise later played in San Francisco-San Jose again.
Left Denver for Ottawa. Denver was replaced by the Devils (1977).
Left New York for San Diego. New York was replaced by the Devils (1983).
Left Ottawa for Toronto. Ottawa was replaced by the Ottawa Civics (1976).
Left San Diego for Houston. San Diego was replaced by the Clippers (1979).
Show all 21 cases
Left Washington-Baltimore for Dallas. Washington-Baltimore was replaced by the Nationals (2005).
Left Los Angeles for Salt Lake City-Provo. Los Angeles was replaced by the Clippers (1985).
Hawks1969
Left St. Louis for Atlanta. St. Louis was replaced by the St. Louis Spirits (1975).
Braves1966
Left Milwaukee for Atlanta. Milwaukee was replaced by the Brewers (1970).
Left Philadelphia for San Francisco-San Jose. Philadelphia was replaced by the 76ers (1964).
Left Los Angeles for San Diego. Los Angeles was replaced by the Las Vegas Raiders (1982).
Twins1961
Left Washington-Baltimore for Minneapolis. Washington-Baltimore was replaced by the Nationals (2005).
Left Ottawa for St. Louis. Ottawa was replaced by the Ottawa Civics (1976).
Left Victoria for Spokane. Victoria was replaced by the Red Wings (1919).
Left Washington-Baltimore for New York. Washington-Baltimore was replaced by the Orioles (1954).
Left Milwaukee for St. Louis. Milwaukee was replaced by the Braves (1953).

Temporary homes

Seasons played away from home and then home again: not relocations.

New Orleans away to Baton Rouge (1 season) and San Antonio (1 season), then home to New Orleans again.
Chicago Bears2002–2002
Chicago away to Champaign (1 season), then home to Chicago again.
Pelicans2006–2007
New Orleans away to Oklahoma City (2 seasons), then home to New Orleans again.
Raptors2021–2021
Toronto away to Tampa (1 season), then home to Toronto again.
Hurricanes1979–1979
Hartford away to Springfield (1 season), then home to Hartford again.
Blue Jays2020–2020
Toronto away to Buffalo (1 season), then home to Toronto again.

True deaths

The franchise folded outright, with no heir to keep the legacy alive.

How this is measured
The franchise folded. The legacy is orphaned, with no heir to keep it alive. These champions exist now only in the record books.
Providence Grays
Baseball
Providence

A two-time champion out of a booming mill town, carried to its 1884 pennant by Old Hoss Radbourn before folding the next year.

View team page →
Cleveland Spiders
Baseball
Cleveland

The purest victim of the syndicate era: stripped of its players to stock the owners' other club, then put out of its misery by contraction.

View team page →
Baltimore Orioles (original NL)
Baseball
Baltimore

A genuine 1890s dynasty whose tactics other clubs copied for decades, dissolved by a league vote rather than a defeat.

View team page →
Louisville Colonels
Baseball
Louisville

Honus Wagner's first major-league home, erased in the same 1899 contraction that cut the National League to eight.

View team page →
Canton Bulldogs
Gridiron
Canton

Jim Thorpe's back-to-back champions and the reason the Hall of Fame sits in Canton. The shrine stayed; the team did not.

View team page →
Akron Pros
Gridiron
Akron

The league's first champions, with Fritz Pollard, one of the pro game's first Black players and its first Black head coach.

View team page →
Pottsville Maroons
Gridiron
Pottsville

Won the 1925 title on the field, then had it stripped over a territorial dispute. Our records flag that championship as stolen, not lost.

View team page →
  • 1929 · PottsvilleBoston
Frankford Yellow Jackets
Gridiron
Philadelphia

A real champion out of a Philadelphia suburb, pruned when the league turned to chase big metropolitan gates.

View team page →
Ottawa Senators (original)
Hockey
Ottawa

The sport's first great dynasty, distinct from the modern club that borrowed the name. A government town could not match the new big-market arenas.

View team page →
  • 1935 · OttawaSt. Louis
Montreal Maroons
Hockey
Montreal

Two-time Cup winners built for the city's English-speaking fans, sacrificed when the Depression made a two-team metro impossible.

View team page →
Winnipeg Victorias
Hockey
Winnipeg

Titans of western Canadian hockey and repeat challenge-era Cup champions, squeezed out as the elite leagues centralized in the east.

View team page →
Seattle Metropolitans
Hockey
Seattle

The first United States club to win the Stanley Cup, a banner that lost its home entirely when their league dissolved.

View team page →
Renton
Football
Vale of Leven

A village side good enough in 1888 to call itself 'Champions of the World,' then left behind as the game financialized into the cities.

View team page →
Wanderers F.C.
Football
London

London's amateur gentlemen, winners of five of the first seven FA Cups, who chose to walk away rather than turn professional.

Team page coming soon

Relocation laundering

The lineage survives under another name; the link below leads to the heir, not the original.

How this is measured
The lineage survives, but it was moved and renamed. The trophies still count; they just hang in another metro's building. Follow the link and you land on the heir, not the original.

Living in exile

The club still exists intact; it only lost its place at the top.

How this is measured
The club still exists, intact, with its name and its ground. It simply lost the only thing the corporate game measures: its place at the top.

The complete ledger

Every move the site can document, newest first. Sortable by year, league, franchise, or distance.

MLB
121.1 kmTitles 9/0
NFL
179.4 kmTitles 1/0
NFL
2,552.4 kmTitles 2/2
Jets2012
NHL
2,076 kmTitles 0/0
NBA
2,450.7 kmTitles 1/1
MLB
via San Juan (2 seasons)
786.8 kmTitles 0/1
Football
73.5 kmTitles 0/
NBA
3,116.6 kmTitles 0/0
NHL
via Greensboro-Winston Salem (2 seasons)
841.9 kmTitles 0/2
NFL
via Memphis (1 season)
1,071 kmTitles 2/0
NHL
2,199.6 kmTitles 0/0returned
NHL
2,821.4 kmTitles 0/3
NFL
2,552.4 kmTitles 1/3returned
NFL
559.1 kmTitles 1/2returned
Show all 89 moves
Stars1994
NHL
1,390.3 kmTitles 0/1
NFL
2,043.8 kmTitles 2/0returned
Kings1986
NBA
2,321.4 kmTitles 1/0
NBA
179.4 kmTitles 0/0
Devils1983
NHL
2,619.1 kmTitles 0/3returned
NFL
559.1 kmTitles 0/3returned
Flames1981
NHL
3,069.3 kmTitles 0/1
Jazz1980
NBA
2,305.4 kmTitles 0/0
NBA
3,516.4 kmTitles 0/0
NHL
1,012.8 kmTitles 0/0
Devils1977
NHL
896.7 kmTitles 0/3
NHL
1,296 kmTitles 0/0
NHL
2,465.1 kmTitles 0/0returned
NHL
via Vancouver (2 seasons)
3,227.5 kmTitles 0/0
NBA
via Houston (2 seasons)
913 kmTitles 0/0
NHL
149.5 kmTitles 0/2
NHL
via Los Angeles (2 seasons)
633.9 kmTitles 0/0
NHL
via Philadelphia (1 season)
3,907.2 kmTitles 0/0returned
Spurs1974
NBA
403.2 kmTitles 0/5
NHL
352.1 kmTitles 0/0returned
Kings1973
NBA
868.2 kmTitles 1/0
NBA
2,093.9 kmTitles 0/2returned
MLB
1,902.2 kmTitles 0/1returned
NBA
932.8 kmTitles 0/0returned
NBA
573.1 kmTitles 0/0
NBA
via Washington-Baltimore (1 season)
4,040 kmTitles 1/0
MLB
2,715.7 kmTitles 0/0
Hawks1969
NBA
752.1 kmTitles 1/0returned
NBA
2,436.3 kmTitles 0/0
MLB
2,419.9 kmTitles 5/4
Braves1966
MLB
1,077.3 kmTitles 2/2returned
NBA
955.2 kmTitles 0/1
76ers1964
NBA
352.9 kmTitles 1/2
NFL
730.8 kmTitles 1/4
NBA
4,050.4 kmTitles 2/5returned
NFL
179.4 kmTitles 0/1returned
Lakers1961
NBA
2,448.5 kmTitles 5/12
Twins1961
MLB
1,498.7 kmTitles 1/2returned
NFL
422.1 kmTitles 2/0
Kings1958
NBA
732.9 kmTitles 1/0
NBA
222.7 kmTitles 0/3
MLB
3,935.7 kmTitles 1/8
Giants1958
MLB
4,129.1 kmTitles 5/3
Hawks1956
NBA
527.1 kmTitles 0/1
MLB
1,664.5 kmTitles 5/4
MLB
1,140.6 kmTitles 0/3
Braves1953
MLB
1,376.5 kmTitles 1/3
NFL
via New York (2 seasons)
2,493.1 kmTitles 0/0
Hawks1952
NBA
276.9 kmTitles 0/1
NFL
3,290.9 kmTitles 1/3
NHL
1,413 kmTitles 11/0returned
NFL
495.2 kmTitles 0/0
NFL
400.3 kmTitles 0/4
NHL
413.8 kmTitles 0/0
NFL
1,597.7 kmTitles 0/0
NFL
466.3 kmTitles 1/0
NFL
145.1 kmTitles 1/0
NHL
via Portland (1 season)
1,612.3 kmTitles 0/6
NHL
3,182.4 kmTitles 1/11
NFL
336.5 kmTitles 0/0
NHL
209.5 kmTitles 0/0
NFL
252.5 kmTitles 0/9
NHL
786.5 kmTitles 2/0
NHL
328.6 kmTitles 0/12
NHL
449.6 kmTitles 0/0returned
NHL
420.7 kmTitles 0/12
MLB
327.6 kmTitles 0/27returned
MLB
527.1 kmTitles 0/3returned
MLB
161.1 kmTitles 0/0

89 moves shown.

Where these numbers come from

A move is a change of metro area, never a rename or a spelling variant within the same one. The big four (NFL, NBA, NHL, MLB) come from the site's own metro-keyed relocation tiles (built from each workbook's Metro Area column): every metro a franchise has called home, sorted into order and walked for a change of metro, dated to the arrival year. A franchise renamed in place, such as the Boston Patriots becoming the New England Patriots or the Phoenix Cardinals becoming the Arizona Cardinals, carries no tile of its own and so produces no row here. Every other league on record (NRL, CFL, WNBA, IPL, AFL, football, rugby, NPB, T20) comes from the same relocations ledger, which is thinner for those leagues, so their share of the 89 moves here is small relative to how many relocations those sports have actually had historically. A row whose destination metro cannot be resolved is dropped rather than guessed; the build prints which and why.

Distance is the straight-line gap between metro centers, not a road or flight distance. Titles before and after a move are drawn from the franchise's own championship total, split at the point of the move, so they run out (never negative) rather than double count. The three species below (true deaths, relocation laundering, living exile) are a curated editorial taxonomy, matched here to the ledger rows for that franchise where the data supports the match.

Built by scripts/build-moves.py. Companion essay on Citizen of Nowhere.