Slovak Elections
AS OF 2026-09-08 · 31 CONTESTS · presidential, 23 March and 6 April 2024 · WIKIPEDIA, NATIONAL ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES
Next election · parliamentary, expected by September 2027 · Capital · Bratislava in the metro rankings →
Where the chamber sits · 4.5 of 10, left to right, spread 1.7 →
Slovakia's own assemblies from the 1928 provincial election to the 2023 National Council, and its presidency from 1993, all one record separate from the federal Czechoslovak elections on the Czech and Czechoslovak hub: the interwar Slovak Province, the wartime single list, the Democratic Party's 1946 win before the Communist coup, four decades of unopposed National Front ballots, the Velvet Revolution, and independence in 1993.
Source: Wikipedia election articles · as of 2026-09-08
National Council seats
150
76 for a majority
Elections since 1928
31
Apr 2024
53.1%
Pellegrini's runoff win over Korčok
Presidential elections
Every Slovak presidential contest since 1993, newest first. The first two were decided by parliament, the second of which never elected anyone; every direct election since 1999 has gone to a runoff.
Direct election, two rounds · 1999-
A 1999 constitutional amendment, passed in direct response to the 1998 deadlock, made the presidency a popular vote decided by an outright majority or a runoff between the top two. Every election since has gone to a second round; Zuzana Čaputová's 2019 win made her the country's first woman president, and Peter Pellegrini's 2024 runoff against Ivan Korčok was the closest and most polarised of the six.
Elected by parliament · 1993-1998
Slovakia's first constitution gave the presidency to the National Council itself, requiring a three-fifths majority. Michal Kováč was elected that way in January 1993, weeks before independence; when his term ended in 1998 parliament tried and failed across nine ballots through the year to find a successor, leaving the office vacant until a constitutional amendment moved the election to the voters.
National Council elections
Every election to Slovakia's own assembly since the 1928 Slovak provincial election, newest first: the interwar Slovak Province, the wartime Slovak State's single list, the Slovak National Council under the National Front, and the National Council of independent Slovakia since 1994.
The National Council of independent Slovakia · 1994-
Since independence the 150-seat National Council has been elected by closed-list proportional representation with a nationwide 5% threshold, and no election has needed a runoff to form a government because none is held for parliament at all: coalitions are built afterward. Mečiar's HZDS dominated the 1990s, Direction-Social Democracy the 2010s, and the 2023 return of Robert Fico followed the shortest-lived reform government in the country's history.
Direction – Social Democracy 42Progressive Slovakia 32Voice – Social Democracy 27
OĽANO–NOVA–KÚ–ZZ 53Direction – Social Democracy 38We Are Family 17
Direction – Social Democracy 49Freedom and Solidarity 21OĽANO–NOVA 19
Direction – Social Democracy 83Christian Democratic Movement 16Ordinary People and Independent Personalities 16
Direction – Social Democracy 62Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party 28Freedom and Solidarity 22
Direction – Social Democracy 50Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party 31Slovak National Party 20
Movement for a Democratic Slovakia 36Slovak Democratic and Christian Union 28Direction 25
Movement for a Democratic Slovakia 43Slovak Democratic Coalition 42Party of the Democratic Left 23
Movement for a Democratic Slovakia–Peasants' Party of Slovakia 61Common Choice 18Hungarian Coalition (MKM–E–MPP) 17
The Velvet Revolution and a sovereign Slovakia · 1990-1992
The Slovak National Council elections of 1990 and 1992 were the first free votes since 1946: Public Against Violence swept 1990 on the wave of the revolution, then splintered, and Vladimír Mečiar's Movement for a Democratic Slovakia won 1992 on a platform that led directly to Czechoslovakia's dissolution on 1 January 1993.
Movement for a Democratic Slovakia 74Party of the Democratic Left 29Christian Democratic Movement 18
Public Against Violence 48Christian Democratic Movement 31Slovak National Party 22
The National Front decades · 1948-1986
Every Slovak National Council election from 1948 to 1986 offered a single National Front list and returned it with support in the high nineties, the same ritual repeated nine times running. These rows are marked unfree.
Communist Party of Slovakia 103Independents 33Party of Slovak Revival 7
National Front 150
Communist Party of Slovakia 101Independents 35Party of Slovak Revival 7
National Front 150
Communist Party of Slovakia 58Independents and others 25Party of Slovak Revival 5
Communist Party of Slovakia 87
Communist Party of Slovakia 47Independents and others 45Party of Slovak Revival 8
Communist Party of Slovakia 78Party of Slovak Revival 17Freedom Party 4
The Democratic Party's win · 1946
The Slovak National Council elected in August 1946 was the last genuinely contested vote before the Communist coup of February 1948: the Democratic Party won it outright against the Communist Party of Slovakia, the only time a non-Communist party topped a Czechoslovak-era ballot.
The Slovak State · 1938
The Munich Agreement and the loss of southern Slovakia to Hungary were followed within weeks by a single-list election for a new Diet, held under the wartime Hlinka-dominated regime that would declare full independence three months later. Voters were offered one slate to approve or reject, and it took 97.5% of the vote.
The Slovak Province · 1928-1935
Two-thirds of the 54-seat Assembly of Slovak Province were elected and a third appointed by the national government in Prague, a compromise struck when the interwar Czechoslovak republic replaced its historic counties with four larger provinces in 1928. Both votes returned a genuinely fragmented field, with Hlinka's Slovak People's Party first among many rather than a majority on its own.
Hlinka's Slovak People's Party 11Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants 8OKSZP–MNP 5
Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants 16Hlinka's Slovak People's Party 14Communist Party of Czechoslovakia 5
The long arc in charts
Hover any point for the exact figure.
Turnout
Above 95% through the National Front decades, when a ballot was compulsory and unopposed; down to the 60s and 70s since 1994, with the 2006 low of 54.7% the freest election's quietest one.
The largest party's seat share
HZDS's 1994 and 1998 pluralities, Direction-Social Democracy's outright 2012 majority (the only one since 1994), and the fragmentation that has followed it since.
Records & superlatives
Highest presidential turnout
73.9%
1999, of the elections with a recorded figure
Lowest presidential turnout
43.4%
2014
Largest presidential win
73.1%
Michal Kováč, 1993
Narrowest presidential win
53.1%
Peter Pellegrini, 2024
Highest turnout
95.4%
1990, of the elections with a recorded figure
Lowest turnout
54.7%
2006
Highest vote share
62.5%
Democratic Party, 1946
Most seats won
83
Direction – Social Democracy, 2012
Largest legislative majority
83 of 150 seats
Direction-Social Democracy under Robert Fico, the only outright National Council majority since independence.
Lowest legislative turnout
54.67%
The freest era's quietest election.
Closest presidential runoff
53.12% to 46.88%
Peter Pellegrini's win over Ivan Korčok.
How Slovak elections work
Closed-list PR with a 5% threshold
The 150-seat National Council is elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation. No election chooses the Prime Minister directly; the president appoints one after coalition talks, which is why the chronology's tags are formed rather than elected.
A president elected twice over
Slovakia tried indirect election first: a three-fifths vote of the National Council chose Michal Kováč in 1993. When his successor could not be agreed after nine attempts in 1998, the constitution was amended within months to put the choice directly to voters, on two rounds if no one clears a majority in the first.
Four decades of one list
From 1948 to 1986 the ballot offered a single National Front slate, and it was reported as taking support in the high nineties at every vote. Those rows carry the numbers the source gives and a label saying what they were.
From province to republic
The body being elected has changed name and power three times since 1928: an appointed-and-elected provincial assembly under interwar Czechoslovakia, a Slovak National Council with real authority only after 1990, and the fully sovereign National Council since 1 January 1993.