Egyptian Elections
Managed electionsAS OF 2026-08-30 · 32 CONTESTS · presidential, 10-12 December 2023 · WIKIPEDIA, NATIONAL ELECTORAL AUTHORITIES
Next election · presidential, expected 2030 · Capital · Cairo in the metro rankings →
Egypt's presidential and parliamentary record from the liberal monarchy of 1923 to the present: the Wafd winning every election it was allowed to contest and being dismissed each time, half a century of single-candidate confirmations, the one competitive presidential election in Egyptian history, and what followed it.
House seats
596
including 28 presidential appointees
Contests on file
32
legislative and presidential
The one competitive race
2012
51.7%, decided by fewer than 900,000 votes
Presidential elections
Egypt's presidential contests, newest first. The half-century of single-candidate confirmations that preceded them is filed under referendums, where it belongs.
The Sisi presidency · 2018–
Two further elections at 97.1% and 89.6%. Serious challengers have been arrested, withdrawn under pressure or failed to secure nominations; the 2018 runner-up was a Sisi supporter who entered to avoid a single-candidate ballot.
Revolution and counter-revolution · 2012–2014
The only genuinely competitive presidential election in Egyptian history was held in May and June 2012 and won by the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi with 51.7%. He was removed by the army a year later. The 2014 election that followed returned Sisi with 96.9%.
The multi-candidate era · 2005–2010
A constitutional amendment in 2005 allowed rival candidates for the first time. Mubarak took 88.6% on a turnout of 23%, his nearest challenger was jailed after the count, and the exercise convinced nobody.
Parliamentary elections
Every parliamentary election from 1923, newest first. The liberal-monarchy elections are the only ones on this page whose outcome was ever in doubt.
After the revolution · 2011–
The 2011–12 election gave Islamist parties around three-quarters of the seats and was annulled by the courts. Since 2015 the chamber has been elected under a system built around individual seats and pro-government lists, and the largest bloc has supported the president.
The National Democratic Party · 1976–2010
Sadat allowed platforms, then parties, then arrested their leaders. Under Mubarak the NDP took between two-thirds and nine-tenths of the seats at every election for thirty years, with the Muslim Brotherhood contesting as independents when it was allowed to contest at all. The 2010 election, the most nakedly rigged of them, was followed within weeks by Tahrir Square.
One party · 1957–1970
The monarchy went in 1952 and with it the parties. The National Union and then the Arab Socialist Union were the only permitted vehicles, half the seats were reserved for workers and farmers, and the union with Syria produced two elections for a state that lasted three years.
The liberal monarchy · 1923–1950
Egypt's parliamentary decades, and the only ones in which the outcome was in doubt. The Wafd won every election it was allowed to contest and was dismissed from office by the king or the British each time it did. Between the 1923 constitution and the 1952 coup, no Wafd government completed a term.
The long arc in charts
Hover any point for the exact figure.
Presidential turnout
Reported turnout has ranged from 23% in 2005 to 67% in 2023, and the figures for the confirmation era are not independently verifiable.
The governing party's seat share
The NDP held between two-thirds and nine-tenths of the chamber for thirty years. The line barely moves, which is the finding.
Records & superlatives
How Egyptian elections work
A presidency confirmed, not contested
From 1956 to 2005 Egyptians were not offered a choice of president. Parliament nominated one man and the public voted yes or no, six times, with approval between 90 and 99%. Those votes are filed in this atlas as referendums.
Individual seats and closed lists
The current House mixes individual constituency seats with absolute-majority closed lists, a design that hands a bloc winning a list plurality every seat on it. The pro-government coalition has taken all of them at each election since 2015.
The Wafd problem
Between 1923 and 1952 the Wafd won every honest election and was removed from office by the palace or the British every time. No Egyptian government of that period completed a full term, which is the argument the 1952 officers used.
Read the caveats
Most rows on this page are labelled restricted or unfree. That is not a judgement about Egyptians; it is a statement about the ballots they were given.