Germany

1415–

73 recorded officeholder spells across 11 offices, led today by Friedrich Merz (Federal Chanc., since 2025-02-25), with Frank-Walter Steinmeier (Pres.).

How they got the job: the 2025 election → · full election history →

is an editorial flag: associated with atrocities against civilians, systemic subversion of the constitutional order, or a criminal conviction (political persecutions and annulled convictions excluded). It is a curated list, not a measurement, so a name without one has not been cleared of anything. Hover a badge for the reason on file. marks a monarch.

Elector of Brandenburg

Name	From	To
Frederick III	1688	1701
Frederick William (the Great Elector)	1640	1688
George William	1619	1640
John Sigismund	1608	1619
Joachim Frederick	1598	1608
John George	1571	1598
Joachim II Hector	1535	1571
Joachim I Nestor	1499	1535
John Cicero	1486	1499
Albert III Achilles	1470	1486
Frederick II Irontooth	1440	1470
Frederick I	1415	1440

King of Prussia

Name	From	To
Wilhelm I	1861	1871
Frederick William IV	1840	1861
Frederick William III	1797	1840
Frederick William II	1786	1797
Frederick II the Great	1740	1786
Frederick William I	1713	1740
Frederick I	1701	1713

Monarch

Name	From	To
Kaiser Wilhelm II	1888	1918
Kaiser Friedrich III	1888	1888
Kaiser Wilhelm I	1871	1888

Imperial Chancellor

Name	From	To
Maximilian von Baden	1918	1918
Georg von Hertling	1917	1918
Georg Michaelis	1917	1917
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg	1909	1917
Bernhard von Bulow	1900	1909
Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst	1894	1900
Leo von Caprivi	1890	1894
Otto von Bismarck	1871	1890

Weimar Chancellor

Name	From	To
Kurt von Schleicher	1932	1933
Franz von Papen	1932	1932
Heinrich Bruning	1930	1932
Hermann Muller	1928	1930
Wilhelm Marx	1926	1928
Hans Luther	1925	1926
Wilhelm Marx	1923	1925
Gustav Stresemann	1923	1923
Wilhelm Cuno	1922	1923
Joseph Wirth	1921	1922
Konstantin Fehrenbach	1920	1921
Hermann Muller	1920	1920
Gustav Bauer	1919	1920
Philipp Scheidemann	1919	1919
Friedrich Ebert	1918	1919

President

Name	From	To
Frank-Walter Steinmeier	2017	present
Joachim Gauck	2012	2017
Christian Wulff	2010	2012
Horst Köhler	2004	2010
Johannes Rau	1999	2004
Roman Herzog	1994	1999
Richard von Weizsäcker	1984	1994
Karl Carstens	1979	1984
Walter Scheel	1974	1979
Gustav Heinemann	1969	1974
Heinrich Lübke	1959	1969
Theodor Heuss	1949	1959
Paul von Hindenburg	1925	1934
Friedrich Ebert	1919	1925

Chancellor/Fuhrer

Name	From	To
Adolf Hitler	1933	1945

Chancellor (1 day)

Name	From	To
Joseph Goebbels	1945	1945

Chancellor (brief)

Name	From	To
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk	1945	1945

Occupation Authority

Name	From	To
Allied Control Council	1945	1949

Federal Chancellor

Name	From	To
Friedrich Merz	2025	present
Olaf Scholz	2021	2024
Angela Merkel	2005	2021
Gerhard Schroeder	1998	2005
Helmut Kohl	1982	1998
Helmut Schmidt	1974	1982
Willy Brandt	1969	1974
Kurt Georg Kiesinger	1966	1969
Ludwig Erhard	1963	1966
Konrad Adenauer	1949	1963