All Vatican elections

1878 Conclave

elected Leo XIII

18–20 February 1878 · The long nineteenth century · Sistine Chapel, Apostolic Palace, Kingdom of Italy

A conclave was held from 18 to 20 February 1878 to elect a new pope to succeed Pius IX, who had died on 7 February. Of the 64 members of the College of Cardinals, all but three attended.

Elected pope

Leo XIII

Gioacchino Pecci

Succeeded

Pius IX

Duration

3 days

3 ballots

Cardinal electors

61

locked in under conclave rules

Key officials

DeanLuigi di San Filippo e Sorso
CamerlengoGioacchino Pecci

Ballot-by-ballot tallies are destroyed by design — the paper is burned in the stove whose smoke announces the result — so this entry records what the Church documents: the dates, the electors, the number of ballots where known, and the man who walked out onto the balcony.