Rail Hub

Metros whose combined rail composite (metro stations, suburban stations weighted half, intercity train hubs weighted 5x for the network-effect value) clears 130. Tokyo leads at over a thousand composite points, followed by London, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Toronto, Osaka-Kyoto-Kobe, Rhine-Ruhr. Seventy-five metros qualify. Below the threshold a metro might have a single subway line or a stretch of commuter rail but not the layered network that defines a true rail hub.